YouTube的興起
The Birth of Youtube
關(guān)鍵詞匯：
Piracy: n. 盜版
BBS: 論壇
Interactive television: 互動(dòng)電視
MIDI: 數(shù)碼音樂(lè)
P2P: 對(duì)等網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Streaming media: 流媒體
Synchronous: 同步的
Webcasting: 網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣播
原文：
Remember when actor Crispin Glover went nutso on late-night television and came inches short of karate-kicking David Letterman in the jaw? Or that famous roast of insult comedian Don Rickles on the Dean Martin Show back in the 70s? If you happened to miss either of those crucial moments in pop cultural history, fear not. They live today on the Web site YouTube.
In just six-months time, YouTube has boomed from a startup viral video site to a Web phenomenon - a virtual library of cultural highlights and amateur video clips uploaded by anybody with a digital camcorder and some time to burn, 50,000 of them a day at last word.
Visitors watch 50 million clips per day. Not bad for a company with 30 employees and an office over a pizza parlor. In certain respects, YouTube does for video what Napster did for audio, and some people predict, its only a matter of time before, like Napster, it gets shut down.
CONAN: And for those of us who don’t know or, in my case, didn’t know till yesterday, how does YouTube work?
Mr. GOETZ: Well, so YouTube is all built on the basis of user-generated content. It is - you, in your intro, you had a nice description of television. It used to be if you aren’t there at the exact time when something happened, you miss it. It was all top-down broadcasting. The networks, the channels dictate when you see what. What YouTube reflects is the democratization of content, of video content. So it’s whatever you want to watch, whenever you want to watch, and it’s produced all by the users. So it’s a kind of cacophony and a mess, but its the new future of video.
CONAN: Well, you say produced by the users. In some respects, those are people who take a clip off of David Letterman and that’s their content, and then they upload it to YouTube.
Mr. GOETZ: Well, that’s certainly part of it. I mean, you know, right now YouTube’s rules allow it’s all based on the user saying that there’s, that they own the copyright. And so it’s up to the copyright owners to police YouTube and notify the company if there’s anything that’s, that they own or they want off. And then YouTube will summarily take it off. That’s how Lazy Sunday, the Saturday Night Live clip, that kind of shot YouTube to kind of a massive audience right off the bat, right after they official launched in December.
NBC let it sit on there. In fact, there’s some speculation that people in the marketing department of NBC put it on there. A few weeks later, the lawyers at NBC went to YouTube and said take it off. So the copyright issues are definitely there, but that’s only part of what YouTube is all about. It’s also this huge, mass audience of, well, they’re not just watchers, they’re also creators. And they’re making the content there from, you know, stupid little clips of their dog barking or wearing a funny dress to, actually, almost professional quality news or entertainment productions.
CONAN: And you suggested that Lazy Sunday segment from Saturday Night Live, one of their advertisements, I guess, or fake advertisements, but there were the marketing department wanted it. The legal department didn’t. There was another example of a clip produced by a company in Britain to promote The Simpson’s. They used live actors to do that famous opening segment of The Simpson’s. And they put it up deliberately to create buzz, and it worked.
Mr. GOETZ: Yeah, no. Its all, you know, its viral media, and its a great way, if you have something that catches peoples attention, it’s a great way to just catapult yourself into kind of massive audience and popularity. On the other hand, there are 50,000 video clips being uploaded onto YouTube a day, and, you know, a tiny, tiny fraction of those are actually watched by any more than kind of the guys friends and family. So, you know, its all kind of a open field for the cream rising to the top.
翻譯：
還記得克里斯平-格洛弗（美國(guó)男影星）在晚間電視節(jié)目中差一點(diǎn)使用空手道的踢法襲擊大衛(wèi)·萊特曼的下巴嗎？還有70年代時(shí)喜劇演員唐.里克萊斯在迪恩·馬丁節(jié)目中的爆粗口事件嗎？如果您錯(cuò)過(guò)了那些在流行文化的歷史中重要的時(shí)刻，不要擔(dān)心，您還能在YouTube上找到。
在僅僅六個(gè)月的時(shí)間內(nèi)，YouTube已經(jīng)從一個(gè)剛剛起步的小型視頻網(wǎng)站演變成互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的新現(xiàn)象：它成為了一個(gè)虛擬的圖書(shū)館，包含文化上的熱點(diǎn)事件和業(yè)余愛(ài)好者用便攜式數(shù)字?jǐn)z像機(jī)拍攝的每天達(dá)到五萬(wàn)個(gè)的視頻片段。
網(wǎng)民每天在YouTube上瀏覽的視頻次數(shù)達(dá)到了5000萬(wàn)個(gè)。對(duì)于一個(gè)只有30名員工和辦公室設(shè)在一家披薩店內(nèi)上的公司來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的成績(jī)了。在某些方面來(lái)說(shuō)，YouTube就是視頻界的Napster。有些人預(yù)測(cè)，YouTube最終也逃脫不了被關(guān)閉的命運(yùn)。
問(wèn)題：對(duì)于那些不了解YouTube是怎么一回事的人，就像我到昨天才剛剛了解.........
回答：YouTube靠的是使用者提供的節(jié)目。在本節(jié)的介紹詞里對(duì)電視有了一個(gè)很好的概括。電視曾今是在特定的時(shí)間放特定的節(jié)目。如果你沒(méi)有時(shí)間看的話，你就可能永遠(yuǎn)錯(cuò)過(guò)了。電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)是自上而下的播出，頻道決定你收看什么節(jié)目。而YouTube代表的是電視節(jié)目的民主化。你能在隨時(shí)隨地觀看任何節(jié)目，而這些節(jié)目都是由使用者們制作的。這看上去就像一團(tuán)嘈雜的（聲音？），但是這就是視頻的未來(lái)。
問(wèn)題：你說(shuō)由使用者制作的。但是在有些情況下，人們僅僅簡(jiǎn)單地截取了大衛(wèi)·萊特曼節(jié)目的一個(gè)片段并上傳到Y(jié)ouTube？
回答：YouTube規(guī)定只要使用者聲明擁有該視頻的版權(quán)就可以了。所以監(jiān)督Y(jié)ouTube問(wèn)題由版權(quán)擁有者來(lái)定。如果版權(quán)擁有者期望將其中哪個(gè)視頻撤下時(shí)，他們會(huì)告知公司，我們就會(huì)迅速地刪除該視頻。那就是為什么我們能在《懶人周日》(周六夜現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的一個(gè)片段)剛剛開(kāi)播后就大量在YouTube上轉(zhuǎn)播的原因了。NBC同意了它的播出。其實(shí)有人猜測(cè)這是NBC市場(chǎng)部的一個(gè)策略。幾周后，NBC的律師告訴我們NBC希望撤下這些節(jié)目。所以這肯定涉及了版權(quán)問(wèn)題了。但是YouTube的魅力并不僅僅就是這些。觀眾不僅僅是看客，更是節(jié)目的創(chuàng)造者。他們也自己拍攝一些可笑的視頻，如寵物狗吼叫，穿上滑稽的衣服等等，質(zhì)量幾乎達(dá)到新聞或娛樂(lè)片的專業(yè)制作水平了。我要收藏
問(wèn)題：你剛才說(shuō)《懶人周日》節(jié)目在YouTube上的播出起到了廣告的作用，或者是虛假?gòu)V告的作用，NBC的市場(chǎng)部同意這樣的做法，而法律部門卻不同意？同樣一個(gè)例子是英國(guó)的一家公司對(duì)《辛普森家族》的推廣，他們使用了真人來(lái)做片子的開(kāi)頭并把這段開(kāi)頭主動(dòng)上傳到了YouTube來(lái)吸引眼球，而確實(shí)起到了作用。
回答：哦，這就是我們所說(shuō)的病毒性媒體。如果你有什么能吸引人眼球的東西，那你就能一下子獲得巨大的觀眾群并迅速成名。但是另外一方面，每天就有約5萬(wàn)個(gè)視頻被上傳到Y(jié)ouTube，而且上傳者的朋友和家人實(shí)際上觀看到的只是很小的一部分，所以這是一個(gè)精英展露才華出人頭地的地方。
The Birth of Youtube
關(guān)鍵詞匯：
Piracy: n. 盜版
BBS: 論壇
Interactive television: 互動(dòng)電視
MIDI: 數(shù)碼音樂(lè)
P2P: 對(duì)等網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Streaming media: 流媒體
Synchronous: 同步的
Webcasting: 網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣播
原文：
Remember when actor Crispin Glover went nutso on late-night television and came inches short of karate-kicking David Letterman in the jaw? Or that famous roast of insult comedian Don Rickles on the Dean Martin Show back in the 70s? If you happened to miss either of those crucial moments in pop cultural history, fear not. They live today on the Web site YouTube.
In just six-months time, YouTube has boomed from a startup viral video site to a Web phenomenon - a virtual library of cultural highlights and amateur video clips uploaded by anybody with a digital camcorder and some time to burn, 50,000 of them a day at last word.
Visitors watch 50 million clips per day. Not bad for a company with 30 employees and an office over a pizza parlor. In certain respects, YouTube does for video what Napster did for audio, and some people predict, its only a matter of time before, like Napster, it gets shut down.
CONAN: And for those of us who don’t know or, in my case, didn’t know till yesterday, how does YouTube work?
Mr. GOETZ: Well, so YouTube is all built on the basis of user-generated content. It is - you, in your intro, you had a nice description of television. It used to be if you aren’t there at the exact time when something happened, you miss it. It was all top-down broadcasting. The networks, the channels dictate when you see what. What YouTube reflects is the democratization of content, of video content. So it’s whatever you want to watch, whenever you want to watch, and it’s produced all by the users. So it’s a kind of cacophony and a mess, but its the new future of video.
CONAN: Well, you say produced by the users. In some respects, those are people who take a clip off of David Letterman and that’s their content, and then they upload it to YouTube.
Mr. GOETZ: Well, that’s certainly part of it. I mean, you know, right now YouTube’s rules allow it’s all based on the user saying that there’s, that they own the copyright. And so it’s up to the copyright owners to police YouTube and notify the company if there’s anything that’s, that they own or they want off. And then YouTube will summarily take it off. That’s how Lazy Sunday, the Saturday Night Live clip, that kind of shot YouTube to kind of a massive audience right off the bat, right after they official launched in December.
NBC let it sit on there. In fact, there’s some speculation that people in the marketing department of NBC put it on there. A few weeks later, the lawyers at NBC went to YouTube and said take it off. So the copyright issues are definitely there, but that’s only part of what YouTube is all about. It’s also this huge, mass audience of, well, they’re not just watchers, they’re also creators. And they’re making the content there from, you know, stupid little clips of their dog barking or wearing a funny dress to, actually, almost professional quality news or entertainment productions.
CONAN: And you suggested that Lazy Sunday segment from Saturday Night Live, one of their advertisements, I guess, or fake advertisements, but there were the marketing department wanted it. The legal department didn’t. There was another example of a clip produced by a company in Britain to promote The Simpson’s. They used live actors to do that famous opening segment of The Simpson’s. And they put it up deliberately to create buzz, and it worked.
Mr. GOETZ: Yeah, no. Its all, you know, its viral media, and its a great way, if you have something that catches peoples attention, it’s a great way to just catapult yourself into kind of massive audience and popularity. On the other hand, there are 50,000 video clips being uploaded onto YouTube a day, and, you know, a tiny, tiny fraction of those are actually watched by any more than kind of the guys friends and family. So, you know, its all kind of a open field for the cream rising to the top.
翻譯：
還記得克里斯平-格洛弗（美國(guó)男影星）在晚間電視節(jié)目中差一點(diǎn)使用空手道的踢法襲擊大衛(wèi)·萊特曼的下巴嗎？還有70年代時(shí)喜劇演員唐.里克萊斯在迪恩·馬丁節(jié)目中的爆粗口事件嗎？如果您錯(cuò)過(guò)了那些在流行文化的歷史中重要的時(shí)刻，不要擔(dān)心，您還能在YouTube上找到。
在僅僅六個(gè)月的時(shí)間內(nèi)，YouTube已經(jīng)從一個(gè)剛剛起步的小型視頻網(wǎng)站演變成互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的新現(xiàn)象：它成為了一個(gè)虛擬的圖書(shū)館，包含文化上的熱點(diǎn)事件和業(yè)余愛(ài)好者用便攜式數(shù)字?jǐn)z像機(jī)拍攝的每天達(dá)到五萬(wàn)個(gè)的視頻片段。
網(wǎng)民每天在YouTube上瀏覽的視頻次數(shù)達(dá)到了5000萬(wàn)個(gè)。對(duì)于一個(gè)只有30名員工和辦公室設(shè)在一家披薩店內(nèi)上的公司來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的成績(jī)了。在某些方面來(lái)說(shuō)，YouTube就是視頻界的Napster。有些人預(yù)測(cè)，YouTube最終也逃脫不了被關(guān)閉的命運(yùn)。
問(wèn)題：對(duì)于那些不了解YouTube是怎么一回事的人，就像我到昨天才剛剛了解.........
回答：YouTube靠的是使用者提供的節(jié)目。在本節(jié)的介紹詞里對(duì)電視有了一個(gè)很好的概括。電視曾今是在特定的時(shí)間放特定的節(jié)目。如果你沒(méi)有時(shí)間看的話，你就可能永遠(yuǎn)錯(cuò)過(guò)了。電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)是自上而下的播出，頻道決定你收看什么節(jié)目。而YouTube代表的是電視節(jié)目的民主化。你能在隨時(shí)隨地觀看任何節(jié)目，而這些節(jié)目都是由使用者們制作的。這看上去就像一團(tuán)嘈雜的（聲音？），但是這就是視頻的未來(lái)。
問(wèn)題：你說(shuō)由使用者制作的。但是在有些情況下，人們僅僅簡(jiǎn)單地截取了大衛(wèi)·萊特曼節(jié)目的一個(gè)片段并上傳到Y(jié)ouTube？
回答：YouTube規(guī)定只要使用者聲明擁有該視頻的版權(quán)就可以了。所以監(jiān)督Y(jié)ouTube問(wèn)題由版權(quán)擁有者來(lái)定。如果版權(quán)擁有者期望將其中哪個(gè)視頻撤下時(shí)，他們會(huì)告知公司，我們就會(huì)迅速地刪除該視頻。那就是為什么我們能在《懶人周日》(周六夜現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的一個(gè)片段)剛剛開(kāi)播后就大量在YouTube上轉(zhuǎn)播的原因了。NBC同意了它的播出。其實(shí)有人猜測(cè)這是NBC市場(chǎng)部的一個(gè)策略。幾周后，NBC的律師告訴我們NBC希望撤下這些節(jié)目。所以這肯定涉及了版權(quán)問(wèn)題了。但是YouTube的魅力并不僅僅就是這些。觀眾不僅僅是看客，更是節(jié)目的創(chuàng)造者。他們也自己拍攝一些可笑的視頻，如寵物狗吼叫，穿上滑稽的衣服等等，質(zhì)量幾乎達(dá)到新聞或娛樂(lè)片的專業(yè)制作水平了。我要收藏
問(wèn)題：你剛才說(shuō)《懶人周日》節(jié)目在YouTube上的播出起到了廣告的作用，或者是虛假?gòu)V告的作用，NBC的市場(chǎng)部同意這樣的做法，而法律部門卻不同意？同樣一個(gè)例子是英國(guó)的一家公司對(duì)《辛普森家族》的推廣，他們使用了真人來(lái)做片子的開(kāi)頭并把這段開(kāi)頭主動(dòng)上傳到了YouTube來(lái)吸引眼球，而確實(shí)起到了作用。
回答：哦，這就是我們所說(shuō)的病毒性媒體。如果你有什么能吸引人眼球的東西，那你就能一下子獲得巨大的觀眾群并迅速成名。但是另外一方面，每天就有約5萬(wàn)個(gè)視頻被上傳到Y(jié)ouTube，而且上傳者的朋友和家人實(shí)際上觀看到的只是很小的一部分，所以這是一個(gè)精英展露才華出人頭地的地方。