數(shù)學(xué) mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)
    公理 axiom
    定理 theorem
    計算 calculation
    運算 operation
    證明 prove
    假設(shè) hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)
    命題 proposition
    算術(shù) arithmetic
    加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)
    被加數(shù) augend, summand
    加數(shù) addend
    和 sum
    減 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)
    被減數(shù) minuend
    減數(shù) subtrahend
    差 remainder
    乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)
    被乘數(shù) multiplicand, faciend
    乘數(shù) multiplicator
    積 product
    除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)
    被除數(shù) dividend
    除數(shù) divisor
    商 quotient
    等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to
    大于 is greater than
    小于 is lesser than
    大于等于 is equal or greater than
    小于等于 is equal or lesser than
    運算符 operator
    平均數(shù)mean
    算術(shù)平均數(shù)arithmatic mean
    幾何平均數(shù)geometric mean n個數(shù)之積的n次方根
    倒數(shù)（reciprocal） x的倒數(shù)為1/x
    有理數(shù) rational number
    無理數(shù) irrational number
    實數(shù) real number
    虛數(shù) imaginary number
    數(shù)字 digit
    數(shù) number
    自然數(shù) natural number
    整數(shù) integer
    小數(shù) decimal
    小數(shù)點 decimal point
    分?jǐn)?shù) fraction
    分子 numerator
    分母 denominator
    比 ratio
    正 positive
    負(fù) negative
    零 null, zero, nought, nil
    十進(jìn)制 decimal system
    二進(jìn)制 binary system
    十六進(jìn)制 hexadecimal system
    權(quán) weight, significance
    進(jìn)位 carry
    截尾 truncation
    四舍五入 round
    下舍入 round down
    上舍入 round up
    有效數(shù)字 significant digit
    無效數(shù)字 insignificant digit
    代數(shù) algebra
    公式 formula, formulae(pl.)
    單項式 monomial
    多項式 polynomial, multinomial
    系數(shù) coefficient
    未知數(shù) unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor
    等式，方程式 equation
    一次方程 simple equation
    二次方程 quadratic equation
    三次方程 cubic equation
    四次方程 quartic equation
    不等式 inequation
    階乘 factorial
    對數(shù) logarithm
    指數(shù)，冪 exponent
    乘方 power
    二次方，平方 square
    三次方，立方 cube
    四次方 the power of four, the fourth power
    n次方 the power of n, the nth power
    開方 evolution, extraction
    二次方根，平方根 square root
    三次方根，立方根 cube root
    四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root
    n次方根 the root of n, the nth root
    sqrt(2)=1.414
    sqrt(3)=1.732
    sqrt(5)=2.236
    常量 constant
    變量 variable
    坐標(biāo)系 coordinates
    坐標(biāo)軸 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis
    橫坐標(biāo) x-coordinate
    縱坐標(biāo) y-coordinate
    原點 origin
    象限quadrant
    截距(有正負(fù)之分)intercede
    （方程的）解solution
    幾何geometry
    點 point
    線 line
    面 plane
    體 solid
    線段 segment
    射線 radial
    平行 parallel
    相交 intersect
    角 angle
    角度 degree
    弧度 radian
    銳角 acute angle
    直角 right angle
    鈍角 obtuse angle
    平角 straight angle
    周角 perigon
    底 base
    邊 side
    高 height
    三角形 triangle
    銳角三角形 acute triangle
    直角三角形 right triangle
    直角邊 leg
    斜邊 hypotenuse
    勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem
    鈍角三角形 obtuse triangle
    不等邊三角形 scalene triangle
    等腰三角形 isosceles triangle
    等邊三角形 equilateral triangle
    四邊形 quadrilateral
    平行四邊形 parallelogram
    矩形 rectangle
    長 length
    寬 width
    周長 perimeter
    面積 area
    相似 similar
    全等 congruent
    三角 trigonometry
    正弦 sine
    余弦 cosine
    正切 tangent
    余切 cotangent
    正割 secant
    余割 cosecant
    反正弦 arc sine
    反余弦 arc cosine
    反正切 arc tangent
    反余切 arc cotangent
    反正割 arc secant
    反余割 arc cosecant
    補充：
    集合aggregate
    元素 element
    空集 void
    子集 subset
    交集 intersection
    并集 union
    補集 complement
    映射 mapping
    函數(shù) function
    定義域 domain, field of definition
    值域 range
    單調(diào)性 monotonicity
    奇偶性 parity
    周期性 periodicity
    圖象 image
    數(shù)列，級數(shù) series
    微積分 calculus
    微分 differential
    導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative
    極限 limit
    無窮大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)
    無窮小 infinitesimal
    積分 integral
    定積分 definite integral
    不定積分 indefinite integral
    復(fù)數(shù) complex number
    矩陣 matrix
    行列式 determinant