五)、其他語(yǔ)法方面的錯(cuò)誤
1、詞性
涉及:①名詞與動(dòng)詞的誤用。如:approval——approve,sale——sell
②名詞與形容詞的誤用。如:medicine——medical/ medicinal,emotion——emotional
③形容詞與副詞的誤用。如:high——highly,mere——merely
這類錯(cuò)誤常出現(xiàn)在be以外的系動(dòng)詞后。如:feel badly→feel bad,grow uneasily→grow uneasy
2、代詞
代詞錯(cuò)誤是短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的幾類錯(cuò)誤之一,幾乎每套試題中都有。主要涉及:
①指代錯(cuò)誤。主要是第三人稱代詞指代的誤用;不定代詞one和those與人稱代詞you和them的混用及指人與指物的誤用等。
②關(guān)系代詞的誤用。主要為that與which、who與which、as與which的誤用;what與that的混用。
③形式代詞it與this、that的誤用。如:
find this important to preview the lesson(這里的this應(yīng)改為形式賓語(yǔ)it)。
④不定代詞的誤用。主要為不定代詞與指示代詞these或人稱代詞的誤用,如somone /sombody、everyone /everybody被誤用作復(fù)數(shù)指代;some-、any-類合成代詞與no-類合成代詞的混用等。
3、名詞的數(shù)
這類錯(cuò)誤主要涉及:
①可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞概念的混淆;
②需用復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)誤用單數(shù);
③不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞的曲折變化形式錯(cuò)誤等。如:find a work→find a job,these phenomenon→these phenomena
4、冠詞
主要為:
①該用冠詞時(shí)漏用;
②不該用冠詞時(shí)贅用;
③the與a/an誤用;
④a與an混用。如:tell truth→tell the truth,give a rise to→give rise to
5、主謂一致
這類錯(cuò)誤常被設(shè)計(jì)在句型較為復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)中,要特別小心。常見(jiàn)以下幾種情況:
①主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞離主語(yǔ)較遠(yuǎn):
The child,being taken care of by its grandparents,are deaf and mute.(are→is)
②倒裝句:
Standing in a line along the corridor is3 groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.(is→are)
③定語(yǔ)從句:
The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month.(were→was)
④特殊句型:
There are no denying the facts and there are no facts that can be turned a blind eye to either.(第一個(gè)are→is)
6、形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)
形容詞和副詞的錯(cuò)誤設(shè)計(jì)主要為:①兩者的詞性混淆;②比較級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。前者已在前面詞性部分論及,后者主要涉及比較物與被比較物之間的平行問(wèn)題。
1、詞性
涉及:①名詞與動(dòng)詞的誤用。如:approval——approve,sale——sell
②名詞與形容詞的誤用。如:medicine——medical/ medicinal,emotion——emotional
③形容詞與副詞的誤用。如:high——highly,mere——merely
這類錯(cuò)誤常出現(xiàn)在be以外的系動(dòng)詞后。如:feel badly→feel bad,grow uneasily→grow uneasy
2、代詞
代詞錯(cuò)誤是短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的幾類錯(cuò)誤之一,幾乎每套試題中都有。主要涉及:
①指代錯(cuò)誤。主要是第三人稱代詞指代的誤用;不定代詞one和those與人稱代詞you和them的混用及指人與指物的誤用等。
②關(guān)系代詞的誤用。主要為that與which、who與which、as與which的誤用;what與that的混用。
③形式代詞it與this、that的誤用。如:
find this important to preview the lesson(這里的this應(yīng)改為形式賓語(yǔ)it)。
④不定代詞的誤用。主要為不定代詞與指示代詞these或人稱代詞的誤用,如somone /sombody、everyone /everybody被誤用作復(fù)數(shù)指代;some-、any-類合成代詞與no-類合成代詞的混用等。
3、名詞的數(shù)
這類錯(cuò)誤主要涉及:
①可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞概念的混淆;
②需用復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)誤用單數(shù);
③不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞的曲折變化形式錯(cuò)誤等。如:find a work→find a job,these phenomenon→these phenomena
4、冠詞
主要為:
①該用冠詞時(shí)漏用;
②不該用冠詞時(shí)贅用;
③the與a/an誤用;
④a與an混用。如:tell truth→tell the truth,give a rise to→give rise to
5、主謂一致
這類錯(cuò)誤常被設(shè)計(jì)在句型較為復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)中,要特別小心。常見(jiàn)以下幾種情況:
①主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞離主語(yǔ)較遠(yuǎn):
The child,being taken care of by its grandparents,are deaf and mute.(are→is)
②倒裝句:
Standing in a line along the corridor is3 groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.(is→are)
③定語(yǔ)從句:
The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month.(were→was)
④特殊句型:
There are no denying the facts and there are no facts that can be turned a blind eye to either.(第一個(gè)are→is)
6、形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)
形容詞和副詞的錯(cuò)誤設(shè)計(jì)主要為:①兩者的詞性混淆;②比較級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。前者已在前面詞性部分論及,后者主要涉及比較物與被比較物之間的平行問(wèn)題。