上一講中我們介紹了兩個重要的國際組織：International Monetary Fund－國際貨幣基金組織和 World Trade Organisation－世界貿(mào)易組織。
這兩個在二次大戰(zhàn)期間和之后相繼成立的國際組織為穩(wěn)定世界經(jīng)濟秩序發(fā)揮了重要的作用。但是澳廣金融節(jié)目主持人巴里克拉克說，戰(zhàn)后的國際經(jīng)濟也有它的黑暗面：
While the IMF and the GATT, created during and after World war II, were part of the explanation for trade expansion and income growth in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, there was a darker side to the post-war international economy.
Problems began to develop with the international financial system, caused, in large part, by the failure of countries experiencing fundamental balance of payments problems to devalue or revalue their currencies.
Also, the US dollars which had been in scarce supply in the 1940s became all too available in the 1960s, to the point at which the world was 'awash with dollars'. The dollar's value vis a vis other currencies was now being challenged.
It was essentially this challenge to the core currency which led to the breakdown of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system in the period 1971 to 1973.
巴里克拉克在談話中用了這樣幾個詞：
1 devalue 貶值
2 revalue 調整幣值
3 vis-a-vis 相比
4 awash with dollars 美元泛濫
下面我們分段聽一遍他的這段談話和中文翻譯：（英文略）
盡管在二次大戰(zhàn)期間和之后成立的國際貨幣基金組織及關貿(mào)總協(xié)定是二十世紀五十、六十及七十年代貿(mào)易擴展和收入增加的原因之一，戰(zhàn)后的國際經(jīng)濟也有它更黑暗的一面。國際金融系統(tǒng)開始出現(xiàn)問題，大部分是由于那些國際收支平衡出現(xiàn)重大問題的國家沒能將其貨幣貶值或或對幣值作重新調整。另外，在四十年代供不應求的美元到了六十年代就變得供過于求，甚至到了美元在整個世界泛濫的地步。美元與其它貨幣的比值現(xiàn)在受到了挑戰(zhàn)。正是這種對核心貨幣的挑戰(zhàn)導致了布雷頓森林固定匯率制在1971到1973年的垮臺。
現(xiàn)在我們再聽一遍巴里克拉克的這段談話原文。（略）
澳大利亞昆士蘭大學經(jīng)濟系教授托尼梅金接下來談了國際貨幣基金組織功能上的變化：
這兩個在二次大戰(zhàn)期間和之后相繼成立的國際組織為穩(wěn)定世界經(jīng)濟秩序發(fā)揮了重要的作用。但是澳廣金融節(jié)目主持人巴里克拉克說，戰(zhàn)后的國際經(jīng)濟也有它的黑暗面：
While the IMF and the GATT, created during and after World war II, were part of the explanation for trade expansion and income growth in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, there was a darker side to the post-war international economy.
Problems began to develop with the international financial system, caused, in large part, by the failure of countries experiencing fundamental balance of payments problems to devalue or revalue their currencies.
Also, the US dollars which had been in scarce supply in the 1940s became all too available in the 1960s, to the point at which the world was 'awash with dollars'. The dollar's value vis a vis other currencies was now being challenged.
It was essentially this challenge to the core currency which led to the breakdown of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system in the period 1971 to 1973.
巴里克拉克在談話中用了這樣幾個詞：
1 devalue 貶值
2 revalue 調整幣值
3 vis-a-vis 相比
4 awash with dollars 美元泛濫
下面我們分段聽一遍他的這段談話和中文翻譯：（英文略）
盡管在二次大戰(zhàn)期間和之后成立的國際貨幣基金組織及關貿(mào)總協(xié)定是二十世紀五十、六十及七十年代貿(mào)易擴展和收入增加的原因之一，戰(zhàn)后的國際經(jīng)濟也有它更黑暗的一面。國際金融系統(tǒng)開始出現(xiàn)問題，大部分是由于那些國際收支平衡出現(xiàn)重大問題的國家沒能將其貨幣貶值或或對幣值作重新調整。另外，在四十年代供不應求的美元到了六十年代就變得供過于求，甚至到了美元在整個世界泛濫的地步。美元與其它貨幣的比值現(xiàn)在受到了挑戰(zhàn)。正是這種對核心貨幣的挑戰(zhàn)導致了布雷頓森林固定匯率制在1971到1973年的垮臺。
現(xiàn)在我們再聽一遍巴里克拉克的這段談話原文。（略）
澳大利亞昆士蘭大學經(jīng)濟系教授托尼梅金接下來談了國際貨幣基金組織功能上的變化：