第4部分：閱讀理解(第31~45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇 Valuing Childhood
The value of childhood is easily blurred(變得模糊不清)in today's world．Consider some recent developments：The child．murderers in the Jonesboro，Ark．schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced．Two boys，7 arid 8，were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago．
Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will．Yet，as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one boy who was able to address the court couldll't begin to explain his acts，though he tried to apologize．There may have been a motive——youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment．But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in
similar trouble apparently lack any inner,moral restraint?
That question echoes for the accused in Chicago，young as they are．They wanted the girl's bicycle，a selfish impulse corn．mort enough among kids．
Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity．How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time．Despite horror at what was done，children are not-cannot be-dealt with as adults，not if a people wants to consider itself civilized．That's why politicians'cries for adult treatment ofyouthful criminals ultimately miss the point．
But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources．Family instability contributes．So does economic stress．That void，however,can be filled．The work starts with parents,who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong．Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?
Schools，too，have a role in building character．So do youth organizations．So do youth entorcement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守)．
The goal，ultimately,is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur.The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don't go that far,but who 1ack the moral foundations childhood should provide——and which progressive human society relies on．
31 The two boys in Chicago were
A shot．
B murdered．
C accused．
D sentenced．
32 The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of
A right and wrong．
B discipline．
C shame．
D safety．
33 According to politicians，when children commit crimes，they should be treated in the same way as
A murderers．
B criminals．
C victims．
D adults．
34 Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?
A Official corruption．
B Social injustice．
C Family instability．
D Racial discrimination．
35 Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?
A Parents should strengthen moral instruction．
B Schools should help create a moral sense in children．
C Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws.
D Youth organizations play no role in building character．
第二篇 Characteristics of Publieity
Publicity offers several benefits．There are no costs for message time or space.An ad in prime-time television may cost$250，000 to$500，000 or more per minute，whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything．However,there are costs for news releases, a publicity department，and other items．As with advertising，publicity reaches a mass audience.Within a short time，new products or company policies are widely known．Line 5
Credibility about messages is high，because they are reported in independent media.A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper,because the reader associates independence with objectivity．Similarly,people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads．For example，The Women's Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements．Readers spend time reading the stories，but they flip through(瀏覽)the ads．Furhermore，there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine．Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly．
Publicity also has some significant limitations．A firm has little control over messages，their timing，their placement，or their coverage by a given medium．It may issue dctailed news releases and find only portions cited by the media；and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like．
For example．in 1 982，Procter&Gamble faced a substantial publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo(標(biāo)志)．A few ministers and other private citizens believed that the symbol was sacrilegious(褻瀆的)．These beliefs were covered extensively by the media and resulted in the firm receiving 1 5，000 phone calls about the rumor in June alone.To combat this negative publicity,the firm issued news releases featuring prominent clergy(神父) that refuted(消除)the rumors，threatened to sue(控告)those people spreading the stories，and had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America．The media．cooperated with the company and the false rumors were temporarily put to rest．However, in 1985，negative publicity became so disruptive that Procter&Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products．
A firm may want publicity during certain periods，such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened．but the media may not cover the introduetion or openmg until after the time it would aid the firm．Similarly,the media determine the placement of a story；it may follow a
report on crime or sports.Finally,the media determine whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it．A company-sponsored jobs program might go unreported or receive three．sentence coverage in a local newspaper．
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇 Valuing Childhood
The value of childhood is easily blurred(變得模糊不清)in today's world．Consider some recent developments：The child．murderers in the Jonesboro，Ark．schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced．Two boys，7 arid 8，were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago．
Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will．Yet，as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one boy who was able to address the court couldll't begin to explain his acts，though he tried to apologize．There may have been a motive——youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment．But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in
similar trouble apparently lack any inner,moral restraint?
That question echoes for the accused in Chicago，young as they are．They wanted the girl's bicycle，a selfish impulse corn．mort enough among kids．
Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity．How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time．Despite horror at what was done，children are not-cannot be-dealt with as adults，not if a people wants to consider itself civilized．That's why politicians'cries for adult treatment ofyouthful criminals ultimately miss the point．
But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources．Family instability contributes．So does economic stress．That void，however,can be filled．The work starts with parents,who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong．Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?
Schools，too，have a role in building character．So do youth organizations．So do youth entorcement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守)．
The goal，ultimately,is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur.The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don't go that far,but who 1ack the moral foundations childhood should provide——and which progressive human society relies on．
31 The two boys in Chicago were
A shot．
B murdered．
C accused．
D sentenced．
32 The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of
A right and wrong．
B discipline．
C shame．
D safety．
33 According to politicians，when children commit crimes，they should be treated in the same way as
A murderers．
B criminals．
C victims．
D adults．
34 Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?
A Official corruption．
B Social injustice．
C Family instability．
D Racial discrimination．
35 Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?
A Parents should strengthen moral instruction．
B Schools should help create a moral sense in children．
C Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws.
D Youth organizations play no role in building character．
第二篇 Characteristics of Publieity
Publicity offers several benefits．There are no costs for message time or space.An ad in prime-time television may cost$250，000 to$500，000 or more per minute，whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything．However,there are costs for news releases, a publicity department，and other items．As with advertising，publicity reaches a mass audience.Within a short time，new products or company policies are widely known．Line 5
Credibility about messages is high，because they are reported in independent media.A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper,because the reader associates independence with objectivity．Similarly,people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads．For example，The Women's Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements．Readers spend time reading the stories，but they flip through(瀏覽)the ads．Furhermore，there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine．Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly．
Publicity also has some significant limitations．A firm has little control over messages，their timing，their placement，or their coverage by a given medium．It may issue dctailed news releases and find only portions cited by the media；and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like．
For example．in 1 982，Procter&Gamble faced a substantial publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo(標(biāo)志)．A few ministers and other private citizens believed that the symbol was sacrilegious(褻瀆的)．These beliefs were covered extensively by the media and resulted in the firm receiving 1 5，000 phone calls about the rumor in June alone.To combat this negative publicity,the firm issued news releases featuring prominent clergy(神父) that refuted(消除)the rumors，threatened to sue(控告)those people spreading the stories，and had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America．The media．cooperated with the company and the false rumors were temporarily put to rest．However, in 1985，negative publicity became so disruptive that Procter&Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products．
A firm may want publicity during certain periods，such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened．but the media may not cover the introduetion or openmg until after the time it would aid the firm．Similarly,the media determine the placement of a story；it may follow a
report on crime or sports.Finally,the media determine whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it．A company-sponsored jobs program might go unreported or receive three．sentence coverage in a local newspaper．