??英語句子一般是主語在前,謂語在后,這種語序稱為自然語序。然而,有時根據語法或修辭的需要,把整個謂語動詞或謂語動詞的一部分(助動詞/情態(tài)動詞)放在主語之前,這種語序叫做倒裝語序。把整個謂語動詞放在主語之前稱為全部倒裝;把謂語動詞的一部分(助動詞/情態(tài)動詞)放在主語之前稱為部分倒裝。倒裝語序常見于以下若干情況。
??一、表示否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首時,句子通常為部分倒裝。常見的詞或詞組有 never,scarcely,not only...but(also),hardly(...when),no sooner...than,rarely,little, nowhere,in no way,on no account,under/in no circumstances等。例:
Scarcely did he speak about the difficulties in his work.
??他幾乎沒有談到他工作中的困難。
??Under no circumstances can we accept cheques.
??任何情況下我們都不接受支票。
?? Not only were the old cities improved, but new cities were built.
??不僅舊城市改進了,而且還建起了新城市。
??二、"only +狀語"位于句首時,句子為部分倒裝。例:
??Only in this way can you hope to improve your English.
??只有用這種方法,你才有希望提高你的英語。
??Only then did he realize that he was wrong.只有那時他才認識到他錯了。
??三、關聯從屬連詞so/such...that結構中,so/such位于句首時,句子為部分倒裝或全部倒裝。例:
??Such a noise did Jimmy make that his sister told him to be quiet.
??吉米吵鬧得很厲害,他姐姐讓他安靜點兒。
?
??So hard was the work that all of us got tired out that evening.
??那活兒很費力,以至于那天晚上我們都筋疲力盡了。
??四、某些狀語位于句首時,句子為全部或部分倒裝。
??1.表示地點或時間的狀語位于句首時,句子為全部倒裝。常見詞一般有here,there, under,below,now,then等。例:
??Here comes a bus.過來了一輛公共汽車。
??Under a tree was sitting an old man.樹底下坐著一位老人。
??Then follows the fashion show.接下來是時裝表演。
??
??2.表示運動方向的副詞位于句首時,句子為全部倒裝。常見詞有in,out,away,up, down等。例:
??Away flew the birds.鳥飛走了。
??In came a boy.進來了一個男孩兒。
??在1和2情況中,若主語為人稱代詞時,句子要用自然語序。例:
??Out they rushed.他們沖了出去。
??3.在表示頻度、次數或方式等的狀語位于句首時,句子通常為部分倒裝。常用詞有 often,many a time,thus等。例:
??Often do we travel to those places.我們經常到那些地方去旅游。
??Thus was the question finally settled.問題就這樣最后被解決了。
??五、表示位置或事物性質的表語位于句首時,句子通常為全部倒裝。例:
??Among them were two girls.在他們中間有兩個女孩兒。
??Outstanding are their achievements.他們的成績很突出。
??六、作為謂語一部分的不定式、現在分詞或過去分詞位于句首時,句子通常為全部倒裝。例:
??To be particularly considered are the following questions.尤其值得考慮的是以下這些問題。
??Gone are the days when we were young and happy.我們年輕、快樂的日子一去不復返了。
??七、由so或neither /nor引導,表示"……也是如此"或"……也不是如此"的句子中,句子為全部或部分倒裝。例:
??I'm quite willing to help and so are other students in my class.我很愿意幫忙,我班上其他同學也是這樣。
??He doesn't care for sweets.Nor/Neither do I.他不喜歡糖果。我也不喜歡。
??當so不作"也"講,而是表示對對方所述內容的肯定(相當于indeed,certainly等含義)時,句子不用倒裝語序。例:
??"He is a liar.""So he is.""他是個謊言家。""他是的。"
??八、在比較或方式狀語從句中,從句可為全部倒裝(從句主語是人稱代詞除外)。例:
??He read more than did his friends.他讀的書比他朋友讀的書多。
??George likes sports,as do many of his friends.就像他的很多朋友一樣,喬治喜歡體育。
??九、"the more...the more"句型中,后一部分可為部分倒裝或全部倒裝。例:
??The more I thought,the more extraordinary did it appear.這件事我越想越不尋常。
??The harder you study,the higher is your score.你學習越努力,你的得分就會越高。
??十、表示讓步意義的"動詞+though/as"結構為部分倒裝。例:
??Fail as/though he did,he was not disappointed.盡管他失敗了,他也沒有失望。
??Try as you will,you can't succeed.盡管你努力,你也不會成功。
??這一結構中的動詞還可換成形容詞、副詞和名詞等,但這時主、謂并沒有倒裝。例:
??Hard as he tried,he was unable to make much progress.雖然他努力了,他也沒有取得進步。
??十一、非真實條件句中,從句省略if而以 had,should或were開頭時,從句為部分倒裝。例:
??Had you come earlier,you would have seen the wonderful experim ent.你要是早來點兒, 你就會見到那個精彩的實驗了。
?
??Were I asked,I should tell the truth.要是讓我講,我就講實話。
??一、表示否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首時,句子通常為部分倒裝。常見的詞或詞組有 never,scarcely,not only...but(also),hardly(...when),no sooner...than,rarely,little, nowhere,in no way,on no account,under/in no circumstances等。例:
Scarcely did he speak about the difficulties in his work.
??他幾乎沒有談到他工作中的困難。
??Under no circumstances can we accept cheques.
??任何情況下我們都不接受支票。
?? Not only were the old cities improved, but new cities were built.
??不僅舊城市改進了,而且還建起了新城市。
??二、"only +狀語"位于句首時,句子為部分倒裝。例:
??Only in this way can you hope to improve your English.
??只有用這種方法,你才有希望提高你的英語。
??Only then did he realize that he was wrong.只有那時他才認識到他錯了。
??三、關聯從屬連詞so/such...that結構中,so/such位于句首時,句子為部分倒裝或全部倒裝。例:
??Such a noise did Jimmy make that his sister told him to be quiet.
??吉米吵鬧得很厲害,他姐姐讓他安靜點兒。
?
??So hard was the work that all of us got tired out that evening.
??那活兒很費力,以至于那天晚上我們都筋疲力盡了。
??四、某些狀語位于句首時,句子為全部或部分倒裝。
??1.表示地點或時間的狀語位于句首時,句子為全部倒裝。常見詞一般有here,there, under,below,now,then等。例:
??Here comes a bus.過來了一輛公共汽車。
??Under a tree was sitting an old man.樹底下坐著一位老人。
??Then follows the fashion show.接下來是時裝表演。
??
??2.表示運動方向的副詞位于句首時,句子為全部倒裝。常見詞有in,out,away,up, down等。例:
??Away flew the birds.鳥飛走了。
??In came a boy.進來了一個男孩兒。
??在1和2情況中,若主語為人稱代詞時,句子要用自然語序。例:
??Out they rushed.他們沖了出去。
??3.在表示頻度、次數或方式等的狀語位于句首時,句子通常為部分倒裝。常用詞有 often,many a time,thus等。例:
??Often do we travel to those places.我們經常到那些地方去旅游。
??Thus was the question finally settled.問題就這樣最后被解決了。
??五、表示位置或事物性質的表語位于句首時,句子通常為全部倒裝。例:
??Among them were two girls.在他們中間有兩個女孩兒。
??Outstanding are their achievements.他們的成績很突出。
??六、作為謂語一部分的不定式、現在分詞或過去分詞位于句首時,句子通常為全部倒裝。例:
??To be particularly considered are the following questions.尤其值得考慮的是以下這些問題。
??Gone are the days when we were young and happy.我們年輕、快樂的日子一去不復返了。
??七、由so或neither /nor引導,表示"……也是如此"或"……也不是如此"的句子中,句子為全部或部分倒裝。例:
??I'm quite willing to help and so are other students in my class.我很愿意幫忙,我班上其他同學也是這樣。
??He doesn't care for sweets.Nor/Neither do I.他不喜歡糖果。我也不喜歡。
??當so不作"也"講,而是表示對對方所述內容的肯定(相當于indeed,certainly等含義)時,句子不用倒裝語序。例:
??"He is a liar.""So he is.""他是個謊言家。""他是的。"
??八、在比較或方式狀語從句中,從句可為全部倒裝(從句主語是人稱代詞除外)。例:
??He read more than did his friends.他讀的書比他朋友讀的書多。
??George likes sports,as do many of his friends.就像他的很多朋友一樣,喬治喜歡體育。
??九、"the more...the more"句型中,后一部分可為部分倒裝或全部倒裝。例:
??The more I thought,the more extraordinary did it appear.這件事我越想越不尋常。
??The harder you study,the higher is your score.你學習越努力,你的得分就會越高。
??十、表示讓步意義的"動詞+though/as"結構為部分倒裝。例:
??Fail as/though he did,he was not disappointed.盡管他失敗了,他也沒有失望。
??Try as you will,you can't succeed.盡管你努力,你也不會成功。
??這一結構中的動詞還可換成形容詞、副詞和名詞等,但這時主、謂并沒有倒裝。例:
??Hard as he tried,he was unable to make much progress.雖然他努力了,他也沒有取得進步。
??十一、非真實條件句中,從句省略if而以 had,should或were開頭時,從句為部分倒裝。例:
??Had you come earlier,you would have seen the wonderful experim ent.你要是早來點兒, 你就會見到那個精彩的實驗了。
?
??Were I asked,I should tell the truth.要是讓我講,我就講實話。