第三章 分隔結(jié)構(gòu)
含有分隔結(jié)構(gòu)得復(fù)雜句通常是指那些句子結(jié)構(gòu)主謂、謂賓、賓補(bǔ)之間存在著其他成分。而有時這些介入成分又較長,從而使本來應(yīng)該緊聯(lián)在一起得句子成分被分隔開了。另外還有一種分隔結(jié)構(gòu)是同位語和定語同它們所修飾得成分分隔,由于作同位語和作定語得句子太長,而后面得部分又太短,為了保證全句意思表達(dá)得完整性常常把同位語或定語放到句子最后,形成分隔得結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說分隔結(jié)構(gòu)本身不難辨認(rèn),但當(dāng)句子較長,成分較多,被分隔得部分又相距較遠(yuǎn)時就容易造成理解障礙,而且常常被分隔得成分又恰恰是句子得主干。因此準(zhǔn)確判斷分隔結(jié)構(gòu),理順句子主干就成了理解這類句子得關(guān)鍵。
Exercise:
We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about.
Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler’s life.
Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.
要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文
要點(diǎn):定語從句“people are moving about”被比較狀語“more than ever before in history”分隔。此現(xiàn)象為“分隔定語”
參考譯文:我們生活在一個四處奔波甚于歷任何時期得時代。
要點(diǎn):the last of Adolf Hitler’s life 作為evening得同位語,因?yàn)楸容^長而放在了句子后面,使句子平衡。
參考譯文:夜晚已經(jīng)來臨,這是阿道夫*生命中最后的一個夜晚。
要點(diǎn):when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主語 an announcement后帶有一個that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句(that enemy missiles are approaching),說明其內(nèi)容,因?yàn)橹^語部分太短,所以將同位語從句置于其后,以保持句子平衡。
參考譯文:當(dāng)廣播里傳出敵方導(dǎo)彈正在接近,幾個鄰居都希望在街道的的一個防空洞中尋求完全。
Exercise
It’s an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.
While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.
I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.
要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文
要點(diǎn):“an activity”及”not something”在句中作并列表語。介詞短語”like helping…” 與 “that” 從句共同作定語,修飾”something”,此定語被that ”從句分割”。
參考譯文:這是一種使你尋求快樂的活動,而不是諸如幫助刷盤子那種你非做不可的事情。
要點(diǎn):此句的賓語” a teaching post” 之所以放在” in a local newspaper” 之后是因?yàn)樗鼛в休^長的后置定語,其目的是為了避免句子“頭重腳輕”。
參考譯文:在我等待進(jìn)入大學(xué)期間,我在一份地方報紙上看到一則廣告,說是在離我住處大約10英里的倫敦某郊區(qū)有所學(xué)校要招聘一名教師。
要點(diǎn):the speech本應(yīng)緊連著介詞about的短語,即the speech about how…and how…,但由于定語從句I had made for years 與 speech在意義連接上更為密切,所以把speech和about短語分隔開了。介詞about后面跟的是兩個并列的介詞賓語從句” how excessive tax rates can take away……”和” how cutting taxes can generate……”
含有分隔結(jié)構(gòu)得復(fù)雜句通常是指那些句子結(jié)構(gòu)主謂、謂賓、賓補(bǔ)之間存在著其他成分。而有時這些介入成分又較長,從而使本來應(yīng)該緊聯(lián)在一起得句子成分被分隔開了。另外還有一種分隔結(jié)構(gòu)是同位語和定語同它們所修飾得成分分隔,由于作同位語和作定語得句子太長,而后面得部分又太短,為了保證全句意思表達(dá)得完整性常常把同位語或定語放到句子最后,形成分隔得結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說分隔結(jié)構(gòu)本身不難辨認(rèn),但當(dāng)句子較長,成分較多,被分隔得部分又相距較遠(yuǎn)時就容易造成理解障礙,而且常常被分隔得成分又恰恰是句子得主干。因此準(zhǔn)確判斷分隔結(jié)構(gòu),理順句子主干就成了理解這類句子得關(guān)鍵。
Exercise:
We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about.
Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler’s life.
Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.
要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文
要點(diǎn):定語從句“people are moving about”被比較狀語“more than ever before in history”分隔。此現(xiàn)象為“分隔定語”
參考譯文:我們生活在一個四處奔波甚于歷任何時期得時代。
要點(diǎn):the last of Adolf Hitler’s life 作為evening得同位語,因?yàn)楸容^長而放在了句子后面,使句子平衡。
參考譯文:夜晚已經(jīng)來臨,這是阿道夫*生命中最后的一個夜晚。
要點(diǎn):when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主語 an announcement后帶有一個that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句(that enemy missiles are approaching),說明其內(nèi)容,因?yàn)橹^語部分太短,所以將同位語從句置于其后,以保持句子平衡。
參考譯文:當(dāng)廣播里傳出敵方導(dǎo)彈正在接近,幾個鄰居都希望在街道的的一個防空洞中尋求完全。
Exercise
It’s an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.
While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.
I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.
要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文
要點(diǎn):“an activity”及”not something”在句中作并列表語。介詞短語”like helping…” 與 “that” 從句共同作定語,修飾”something”,此定語被that ”從句分割”。
參考譯文:這是一種使你尋求快樂的活動,而不是諸如幫助刷盤子那種你非做不可的事情。
要點(diǎn):此句的賓語” a teaching post” 之所以放在” in a local newspaper” 之后是因?yàn)樗鼛в休^長的后置定語,其目的是為了避免句子“頭重腳輕”。
參考譯文:在我等待進(jìn)入大學(xué)期間,我在一份地方報紙上看到一則廣告,說是在離我住處大約10英里的倫敦某郊區(qū)有所學(xué)校要招聘一名教師。
要點(diǎn):the speech本應(yīng)緊連著介詞about的短語,即the speech about how…and how…,但由于定語從句I had made for years 與 speech在意義連接上更為密切,所以把speech和about短語分隔開了。介詞about后面跟的是兩個并列的介詞賓語從句” how excessive tax rates can take away……”和” how cutting taxes can generate……”