73.Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or，more generally，the nature of　　human knowledge they believe，are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.
    他們相信，諸如靈與肉的問題，或更普遍而言，人類知識的性質(zhì)等此類哲學(xué)關(guān)注，均是一些基本的人類問題，其探索性的哲學(xué)答案已構(gòu)成一個必要的基礎(chǔ)，其它所有的智力思辯均賴以建立其上。
    74.The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy，” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out， on close examination，to be of quite recent origin.
    細(xì)作審視，我們便不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種被稱為“哲學(xué)”的獨(dú)立學(xué)科——既有別于神學(xué)和科學(xué)諸般學(xué)科，并高高在上地對其予以評判——的思想，其淵源卻是甚為近期的事。
    75.But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent　　evolution-the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures.
    但是，最近在所有這三類動物身上，對鰭肢的骨骼結(jié)構(gòu)所存在的細(xì)致共同點(diǎn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)足以削弱這樣一種企圖，即把表面上的近似作為趨同進(jìn)化所致的結(jié)果來將其解釋掉。而所謂的趨同進(jìn)化（convergent evolution），是指在互不相關(guān)的生物群體之間，作為對類似的環(huán)境壓力作出的反應(yīng)，彼此獨(dú)立的發(fā)展形成某些相同特征。
    76.Human genes contain too little information even to specify which hemisphere of the brain　　each of a human's 10'' neurons should occupy，let alone the hundreds of connections that each neuron makes.
    人類因基所包含的信息是如此之少，以致于就連去具體規(guī)定人類1011的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中任意一個細(xì)胞應(yīng)占據(jù)大腦的哪個半腦都無法做到，更不用提每個神經(jīng)細(xì)胞所會形成的數(shù)百種連接。
    77.These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars-only now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers-will be at stake，and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding，a contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.
    這些問題之所以帶有政治性質(zhì)，因?yàn)榭杀苊獾?，圍繞這些問題展開的急診與其說是一種在客觀冷靜科研精神指導(dǎo)下對抽象問題的探索，倒不如說是一種學(xué)術(shù)上的權(quán)力斗爭。在此斗爭中，許多女學(xué)者中——只是在現(xiàn)在才開始以眾多的人數(shù)進(jìn)入學(xué)術(shù)界——的學(xué)術(shù)生涯和職業(yè)命運(yùn)將處于存亡攸關(guān)的危急關(guān)頭，與她們相伴隨的是對人文理解作出一種獨(dú)特貢獻(xiàn)的機(jī)遇，這一貢獻(xiàn)則很有可能成為消除我們社會中所存在的性別主義的一股重要影響。