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        虛詞類(lèi)題典及解題方法 連接副詞

        字號(hào):

        5. 連接副詞考點(diǎn)(1) 重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容
             連接副詞(Conjunctive Adverbs)是考研英語(yǔ)完形和閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)中的必備利器,應(yīng)該精讀這一節(jié)的內(nèi)容。所謂連接副詞,即是具有副詞作用的對(duì)等連接詞的作用、連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子或從句的副詞。如:however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, still, moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, thus, so, then, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, all the same, for example, for instance等。舉例說(shuō)明如下:
             ◇It was cold. Nonetheless, I went swimming.
             (那天很冷。但是,我還是去游泳了。)
             ◇It was raining; nevertheless, we went to the zoo.
             (天正下著雨;但是,我們還是去動(dòng)物園了。)
             ◇It was hot. Therefore, we went swimming.
             (那天很熱。所以,我們?nèi)ビ斡玖?。?BR>     ◇Last night‘s typhoon damaged the power lines; consequently,the whole city was without electricity for several hours.
             (昨晚的臺(tái)風(fēng)把電線(xiàn)損毀了;結(jié)果,全市停電了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。)
             ◇It‘s too late to go home now. Moreover, it’s beginning to rain.
             (現(xiàn)在太晚了不能回家,況且,又開(kāi)始下雨了。)
             ◇I‘m too tired to go; furthermore, it is too late.
             (我太累不能去;況且,又太遲了。)
             ◇You‘d better hurry; otherwise, you will be late.
             (你趕快;否則,你會(huì)遲到。)(2) ??嫉倪B接副詞之比較說(shuō)明
             第1組moreover, furthermore, besides與in addition四者的含義相同,都作“此外,而且”講。在非正式的場(chǎng)合也可用anyway, anyhow, in any case代替。如:
             ◇ I like to read that newspaper. The news is always reported accurately. Moreover (or Furthermore, Besides, In addition), it has interesting special features.
             (我喜歡看那份報(bào)紙。消息報(bào)道得一直很正確,而且有些有趣的特別報(bào)道。)
             ◇The bill cannot be paid as yet; besides, (or anyway, in any case), the work is not completed.
             (目前還不能付錢(qián),而且工作還沒(méi)有完成。)
             此句中as yet的含義是“到現(xiàn)在”,相當(dāng)于“up to now”。
             ◇I did not like the house; in addition, it was too highpriced.
             (我不喜歡那房屋,況且價(jià)格太高。)
             第2組however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet與still的含義相似,都是作“可是,雖然”講,相當(dāng)于“but anyway/anyhow”,“(al) though, even though”。如:
             ◇She was very sad; however (or nevertheless, nonetheless, still), she smiled and pretended to be having a good time.
             (=She was very sad, yet she still smiled and pretended to be having a good time.
             =She was very sad, but she smiled and pretended to be having a good time anyway.)
             (她非常悲傷,可是她還是帶著微笑假裝很快樂(lè)的樣子。)
             ◇We have to go on foot; still, we‘ll get there.
             (=Although [or Though] we have to go on foot, we‘ll get there.
             =Even though we have to go on foot, we‘ll get there.)
             (我們只好步行,雖然如此,我們還是會(huì)到達(dá)那里。)
             第3組therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence與thus的含義大致相似,都相當(dāng)于“so(所以,因此)”。如:
             ◇The weather was cold; therefore, we stayed home.
             (天氣寒冷。因此,我們待在家里。)
             ◇He told me the circumstances; accordingly, I acted.
             (他告訴了我一切情況,于是我遵照辦理。)
             ◇My boss just approved the purchase order, hence let‘s confirm a delivery date.
             (老板剛才批準(zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)購(gòu)物訂單,所以我們來(lái)確定一個(gè)交貨的日期。)
             ◇They found that the new plan was hard to carry out; thus they decided to go back to their original one.
             (他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那項(xiàng)新計(jì)劃難以實(shí)現(xiàn),于是決定回過(guò)來(lái)采用原先的計(jì)劃。)
             第4組then用作連接副詞時(shí)有三個(gè)含義:一為“此外,而且”,相當(dāng)于“besides”;二為“因此”,相當(dāng)于“therefore”;三為“然后”相當(dāng)于“afterwards”。如:
             ◇ I love my job; then (or besides) it pays so well.
             (我熱愛(ài)我的工作,而且待遇又這么好。)
             ◇You broke the window, then (or therefore) you should pay for it.
             (你打破了窗子,因此你應(yīng)該賠償。)
             ◇He used to beat his wife when he was drunk; then, next morning, he told her how sorry he was.
             (他過(guò)去常在喝醉酒的時(shí)候打他的太太,然后,第二天早晨,又向她深致歉意。)
             第5組on the contrary與on the other hand的含義不同,不能互相代換。
             On the contrary是用在“前面否定了他人所言,相反的,后面才是事實(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)里,所以前面通常都是否定的句子或子句;on the other hand是用來(lái)表示“前面雖是事實(shí),然而后面也是事實(shí)”。再者,on the contrary前后的主詞是指同一對(duì)象,后者則不盡然。如:
             ◇They are not rich. On the contrary, they are poor.
             (他們不富有,相反的,他們貧窮。)
             ◇Mary is rich. On the other hand, John is poor.
             (瑪麗富有。可是,約翰貧窮。)
             ◇He is not fat, but on the contrary, he is thin.
             (他不胖,相反的,他很瘦。)
             ◇Some people are fat, but on the other hand, others are thin.
             (有些人胖,可是,又有些人瘦。)
             ◇Some people prefer to live in the country; on the other hand, others prefer to live in town.
             (有些人比較喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)下,可是,也有些人倒喜歡住在城里。)
             ◇It‘s not a very nice apartment. On the other hand, it’s cheap.
             (那不是個(gè)非常好的公寓。可是,很便宜。)
             ◇The job wasn‘t very interesting. But on the other hand, it was wellpaid.
             (這工作不是很有趣??墒谴龊?。)
             第6組all the same與on the other hand的含義與用法都同,相當(dāng)于“however”。如:
             ◇He‘s not doing a very good job. All the same, you’ve got to admit that he‘s doing his best.
             ◇He‘s not very reliable, but all the same I like him.
             (or He‘s not very reliable, but I like him all the same.)
             (他不是非??煽?,可是我還是喜歡他。)
             第7組 for example與for instance都可作“例如”講,用法也大致相同。如:
             ◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city. For example (or For instance), the botanical garden has numerous displays of plants from all over the world.
             (這個(gè)都市里有許多有趣的地方可以參觀。例如,植物園里有許多來(lái)自世界各地的植物展示。)
             ◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city. The art museum, for instance (or for example), has an excellent collection of modern paintings.
             (這個(gè)都市里有許多有趣的地方可以參觀。例如,美術(shù)館有非常好的現(xiàn)代畫(huà)收藏。)
             ◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city, for example, (or such as) the botanical garden and the art museum.
             (這個(gè)城市有許多有趣的地方可以游覽,例如植物園和美術(shù)館。)
             「復(fù)習(xí)題典」☆The National Academy of Sciences, which advises the U. S. government, has been studying the issue. In March it plans to present voluntary ethical guidelines for researchers. A chimera is a mixture of two or more(1)in one body. Not all are considered troubling,(2)。
             (1)[A]species [B]types [C]sorts [D]specimens
             (2)[A]however [B]although [C]though [D]moreover☆A(yù)n estimated 11,300 laptop computers, 31,400 handheld computers and 200,000 mobile telephones have been left in taxis around the world during the last six months, according to a survey. Taxi drivers in nine cities also said they had found a range of other items(3)by passengers, including a harp, 37 milk bottles and some artificial limbs. One driver said he(4)found a baby in his taxi.
             (3)[A]claimed [B]found [C]left [D]declared
             (4)[A]even [B]still [C]however [D]somehow
             本小節(jié)答案精解
             (1)[答案][A]species
             [考點(diǎn)]名詞辨析。
             [解析]species是“物種”,type是“類(lèi)型,種類(lèi),品種”,sort是“品種,種類(lèi)”,specimen是“樣本,標(biāo)本,抽樣”。[D]可以立即排除,type和sort的意思相近,是干擾項(xiàng),同時(shí)排除,因此答案是[A]。
             (2)[答案][C]though
             [考點(diǎn)]連詞與連接副詞用法辨析。
             [解析] however(副詞)常用于句子之間,前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),although(連詞)可用在句首和句中,但不能用于句末,moreover表示遞進(jìn)邏輯關(guān)系,用于句首和句中,不能用于句末。四個(gè)詞中能放在句末的只有 though=nevertheless是連接副詞,意為“可是 ,然而,不過(guò)”。
             (3)[答案][C]left
             [考點(diǎn)]過(guò)去分詞辨析,同時(shí)考核句型find sth. +補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(過(guò)去分詞)。
             [解析]claim是“認(rèn)領(lǐng),索取”,find是“找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)”,leave是“丟下,遺忘”,declare是“申報(bào) (納稅品、房地產(chǎn)、收益等)”。從文章第一句話(huà)可以看出,主題是有關(guān)顧客遺忘在出租車(chē)上的物品,那么這里選[C]left.
             (4)[答案][A]even
             [考點(diǎn)]連接副詞辨析,判斷前后兩句話(huà)在意思上的強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣。
             [解析]上面一句話(huà)說(shuō)出租車(chē)司機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)顧客遺忘的東西有一把豎琴,37個(gè)奶瓶和一些假肢,這句話(huà)說(shuō)一個(gè)司機(jī)在車(chē)?yán)镎业搅艘粋€(gè)嬰兒,前面提到的都是無(wú)生命的東西,把這些東西丟在車(chē)上還情有可原,有的人居然能把活生生的孩子也忘在車(chē)上,確實(shí)讓人難以置信,兩句話(huà)在意思上是遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系,所以選擇[A]even.