1999 Passage 5
21. The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens,the moon and the planets.
「譯文」 蘋果向下落到地面不是向上飛到樹上，這一事實回答了他長期以來一直對天空中更大果實——月球和行星所存有的疑問。
「析句」 這個句子的主干是The fact… answered the question.主語The fact跟了一個同位語從句（the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree）。賓語the question跟了一個定語從句（he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens,the moon and the planets）。
「講詞」 fact（事實）詞義雖然簡單，但是在英語中會作主語或賓語，特別是介詞的賓語，這種情況可能會給理解增加一些困難。We have to be aware of that fact that there is censorship in every country in the world.（我們必須認識到這樣一個事實，即全世界每個國家都存在審查制度。）Apart from the fact that this is mislabeled, you could not guarantee that others would recognize these conventions,or even follow them.（不僅這種說法不對，而且你無法保證其他人會認識到這些習俗，或者甚至會遵守這些習俗。）
22. In talking to some scientists,particularly younger ones,you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.
「譯文」 在和一些科學家，特別是年輕科學家交談時，你可能會有這樣一種印象：他們認為“科學方法”可以代替創(chuàng)造性思維。
「析句」 這個句子的主干是you… gather the impression.句子的狀語（In talking to some scientists,particularly younger ones）較長。that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought是定語從句，修飾the impression.
「講詞」 substitute意為“替代，替身”。Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality.（幻想的意義并不僅僅在于作為失意的現(xiàn)實的替代物。）Silk was once substituted as a writing material.（絲綢曾一度是書寫材料的替代品。） The coach has to find a substitute for the injured forward.（教練必須為受傷的前鋒尋找一位替補隊員。）
23. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate,then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.
「譯文」 假如科學實驗像科學雜志登載的科學報告顯示的那樣完全按事先的計劃去規(guī)劃和實施，那么，對管理層來說，期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的。
「析句」 這是一個主從復合句，從句是if引導的條件從句，主句是then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.從句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較復雜，在這個as… as…的結(jié)構(gòu)中，后一個as跟了一個句子。
「講詞」 measurable意為“可以衡量的”，measurable in dollars and cents意為“可以用錢來衡量”。In fact,practically any function that can be described is measurable.（事實上，每一個可以描述的功能幾乎都能加以衡量。）Economic effects are more measurable than social effects.（經(jīng)濟影響比社會影響更能加以衡量。）
24. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
「譯文」 審計人員也完全有理由相信，確切知道自己的目標并知道如何實現(xiàn)這一目標的科學家們根本沒必要在一只眼盯著顯微鏡時，還要分心用另一只眼睛盯著現(xiàn)金計數(shù)器。
「析句」 這個簡單句的主語用的是形式主語it，真正的主語是for后面的部分。believe后面跟的是一個that引導的賓語從句，其主干是scientists… should not be distracted by…，其中的主語scientists跟了一個who引導的定語從句，這個定語從句的賓語分別是where和how引導的兩個從句。
「講詞」 distract意為“使混亂，使迷惑”。The noise in the street distracted me from my reading.（街上的嘈雜聲使我不能專心讀書。）The school students were distracted by the noise outside the classroom.（教室外邊的喧鬧聲使學生們不能集中注意力。）
have（keep） an eye on意為“盯著，看著；注意，留意”。Keep an eye on contact lenses safety.（當心隱形眼鏡的安全。）Scientists warn us of the need to keep an eye on the ozone layer.（科學家警告我們要關(guān)注臭氧層。）
25. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”
「譯文」 如果像他的論文所反映的那樣，科學家也想看到規(guī)律性和與某種標準模式的一致性，那么管理人員歧視研究人員中的“標新立異者”，而贊賞“善于合作”的具有傳統(tǒng)思維模式的人，那也是無可指摘的。
「析句」 本句是倒裝句，原因是否定詞nor在句首，后面緊跟的是if引導的條件從句，注意其中有一個as… as…的用法，中間跟的是形容詞desirable，比較的是科學家對regularity and conformity的希望和他的論文所反映的要求；這樣的構(gòu)成使得主句的主語和謂語is發(fā)生了倒裝，介詞for后面跟的動名詞短語是blamed的理由。注意against和 in favor of后面各跟了一種不同類型的researchers；thinkers后面跟的是who引導的定語從句，起修飾作用。
「講詞」 conformity意為“一致；符合”。I acted in conformity with my principles.（我按照我的原則辦事。）conformity的動詞是conform.We should conform to university regulations.（我們應該遵守大學規(guī)則。）
odd balls在句中意為“奇怪的人”或“與眾不同的人”。
21. The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens,the moon and the planets.
「譯文」 蘋果向下落到地面不是向上飛到樹上，這一事實回答了他長期以來一直對天空中更大果實——月球和行星所存有的疑問。
「析句」 這個句子的主干是The fact… answered the question.主語The fact跟了一個同位語從句（the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree）。賓語the question跟了一個定語從句（he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens,the moon and the planets）。
「講詞」 fact（事實）詞義雖然簡單，但是在英語中會作主語或賓語，特別是介詞的賓語，這種情況可能會給理解增加一些困難。We have to be aware of that fact that there is censorship in every country in the world.（我們必須認識到這樣一個事實，即全世界每個國家都存在審查制度。）Apart from the fact that this is mislabeled, you could not guarantee that others would recognize these conventions,or even follow them.（不僅這種說法不對，而且你無法保證其他人會認識到這些習俗，或者甚至會遵守這些習俗。）
22. In talking to some scientists,particularly younger ones,you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.
「譯文」 在和一些科學家，特別是年輕科學家交談時，你可能會有這樣一種印象：他們認為“科學方法”可以代替創(chuàng)造性思維。
「析句」 這個句子的主干是you… gather the impression.句子的狀語（In talking to some scientists,particularly younger ones）較長。that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought是定語從句，修飾the impression.
「講詞」 substitute意為“替代，替身”。Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality.（幻想的意義并不僅僅在于作為失意的現(xiàn)實的替代物。）Silk was once substituted as a writing material.（絲綢曾一度是書寫材料的替代品。） The coach has to find a substitute for the injured forward.（教練必須為受傷的前鋒尋找一位替補隊員。）
23. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate,then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.
「譯文」 假如科學實驗像科學雜志登載的科學報告顯示的那樣完全按事先的計劃去規(guī)劃和實施，那么，對管理層來說，期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的。
「析句」 這是一個主從復合句，從句是if引導的條件從句，主句是then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.從句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較復雜，在這個as… as…的結(jié)構(gòu)中，后一個as跟了一個句子。
「講詞」 measurable意為“可以衡量的”，measurable in dollars and cents意為“可以用錢來衡量”。In fact,practically any function that can be described is measurable.（事實上，每一個可以描述的功能幾乎都能加以衡量。）Economic effects are more measurable than social effects.（經(jīng)濟影響比社會影響更能加以衡量。）
24. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
「譯文」 審計人員也完全有理由相信，確切知道自己的目標并知道如何實現(xiàn)這一目標的科學家們根本沒必要在一只眼盯著顯微鏡時，還要分心用另一只眼睛盯著現(xiàn)金計數(shù)器。
「析句」 這個簡單句的主語用的是形式主語it，真正的主語是for后面的部分。believe后面跟的是一個that引導的賓語從句，其主干是scientists… should not be distracted by…，其中的主語scientists跟了一個who引導的定語從句，這個定語從句的賓語分別是where和how引導的兩個從句。
「講詞」 distract意為“使混亂，使迷惑”。The noise in the street distracted me from my reading.（街上的嘈雜聲使我不能專心讀書。）The school students were distracted by the noise outside the classroom.（教室外邊的喧鬧聲使學生們不能集中注意力。）
have（keep） an eye on意為“盯著，看著；注意，留意”。Keep an eye on contact lenses safety.（當心隱形眼鏡的安全。）Scientists warn us of the need to keep an eye on the ozone layer.（科學家警告我們要關(guān)注臭氧層。）
25. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”
「譯文」 如果像他的論文所反映的那樣，科學家也想看到規(guī)律性和與某種標準模式的一致性，那么管理人員歧視研究人員中的“標新立異者”，而贊賞“善于合作”的具有傳統(tǒng)思維模式的人，那也是無可指摘的。
「析句」 本句是倒裝句，原因是否定詞nor在句首，后面緊跟的是if引導的條件從句，注意其中有一個as… as…的用法，中間跟的是形容詞desirable，比較的是科學家對regularity and conformity的希望和他的論文所反映的要求；這樣的構(gòu)成使得主句的主語和謂語is發(fā)生了倒裝，介詞for后面跟的動名詞短語是blamed的理由。注意against和 in favor of后面各跟了一種不同類型的researchers；thinkers后面跟的是who引導的定語從句，起修飾作用。
「講詞」 conformity意為“一致；符合”。I acted in conformity with my principles.（我按照我的原則辦事。）conformity的動詞是conform.We should conform to university regulations.（我們應該遵守大學規(guī)則。）
odd balls在句中意為“奇怪的人”或“與眾不同的人”。