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        "It"的用法

        字號(hào):

        1)指事物,人(不明性別或何人時(shí)),嬰孩、動(dòng)物(不提性別)或昆蟲等。
            例:"Where is my watch, dear?"
            (我的手表在哪兒,親愛的?)
            "I saw it in your drawer last night."
            (昨晚我看到它在你的抽屜里。)
            例:"Who is it?"
            (是誰?──如敲門時(shí),不明對(duì)方的性別或何人。)
            "It's me, Peter."
            (是我,彼得。)
            例:Mrs. Huang had a baby last night.It weighs 4 kilos.
            (黃太太昨夜生了一個(gè)嬰兒,體重達(dá)四公斤。)
            例:What's that?
            (那是什么?)
            It's a silkworm.
            (是蠶。)
            (2)表達(dá)時(shí)間、日期、季節(jié)、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等。
            例:"What time is it?"-"It's five to twelve."
            (幾點(diǎn)鐘了?──現(xiàn)在是十一點(diǎn)五十五分。)
            例:"What's the date?"-"It is the third of October."
            (今天幾錄溉??──今天是十月三儒帲?br> 例:It is very hot in summer.
            (夏天的天氣都是很熱。)
            例:How far is it from here to the station?
            (這里到車站有多遠(yuǎn)?)
            例:I like it here very much.
            (我很喜歡這里的環(huán)境。)
            (3)表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)
            句型It +be…+that(who)…
            例:It was Paul that (who) broke the window.
            (=Paul broke the window.)
            (打破了窗的人是保羅。)
            解說 "It… that…"是表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的正常句式,但是若強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)是"人",則使用"It…who…"也很普通。本句式可用于一個(gè)句子中的任何強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn),例如:
            例:Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.
            →It was Peter who met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.
            (昨天在戲院看到海倫和比爾的人是彼得。)
            →It was Helen and Bill that Peter met at the theater yesterday.
            (昨天彼得在戲院所遇見的人是海倫和比爾。)
            →It was at the theater that Peter met Helen and Bill yesterday.
            (昨天彼得遇見海倫和比爾的地點(diǎn)是戲院。)
            →It was yesterday that Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater.
            (彼得在戲院遇見海倫和比爾的時(shí)間是昨天。)
            (4)形式主語
            例:It is shameful the way he behaves himself before girls.
            (他在女生面前的舉止真叫人臉紅。)
            例:It is easy to find fault with others.
            (批評(píng)別人是容易的。)
            例:It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.
            (你講她的壞話是不對(duì)的。)
            例:It is a great convenience living / to live in a big city.
            (住在大城市里事事都方便。)
            例:It is surprising that she should have married a farmer.
            (她居然和農(nóng)民結(jié)婚實(shí)在令人意想不到。)
            解說 上面各例句都可以把"It"所代表的實(shí)際主語移到句首來,例如:
            The way he behaves himself before girls is shameful.
            To find fault with others is easy.
            雖然如此,現(xiàn)代英語仍以"I…"較普通。
            (5)形式賓語
            例:I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination.
            (我認(rèn)為考試作弊是不對(duì)的。)
            例:Don't you find it a waste of time watching television too much?
            (你不覺得電視看得太多是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間嗎?)
            例:I thought it strange that Jack should have had so much money to spend these days.
            (我覺得杰克近日來會(huì)有這么多的錢可花費(fèi)是一件奇怪的事。)
            解說 本句式都用于有賓語補(bǔ)語的不完全及物動(dòng)詞的句子,"it"代表著賓語補(bǔ)語之后的實(shí)際賓語(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、或that-clause)。本句式的實(shí)際賓語不可以移入"it"的位置而把"it"省略。常可用本句式來表達(dá)的不完全及物動(dòng)詞有:
            find(發(fā)現(xiàn),覺得),think(想,覺得),believe(相信),consider(認(rèn)為),make,take,etc.
            (6)"it"可以代表前述的短語或句子
            例:Don't let your children play with matches or lighters.It is dangerous.
            (不要讓你的小孩們玩火柴或打火機(jī)。那是危險(xiǎn)的。)
            例:"Jim can solve that puzzle."
            (吉姆能解答那個(gè)謎題。)
            "I don't believe it."
            (我不相信。)
            (7)"it"常作非人稱動(dòng)詞的主語
            例:It happened that I was there then.
            (碰巧當(dāng)時(shí)我也在場。)
            例:It appears that he'll be elected.
            (他像是會(huì)當(dāng)選的樣子。)
            例:It occurred to me then that I had an appointment with her that evening.
            (當(dāng)時(shí)我突然想起來我本來和她在當(dāng)天晚上有約會(huì)。)