40. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of－－－.
A) growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
B) the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
C) the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
D) full support from agriculture experts
注：因果關(guān)系詞 because of
"This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States," says George Qerther of Texas A& M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired form the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
一、翻譯標(biāo)準：忠實、通順
1.忠實指意義忠實于原文
2.通順指符合中文表達習(xí)慣。
3.“信、達、雅”
二、評分情況(每題2分）
1.全句結(jié)構(gòu)（句子當(dāng)中各個成分位置順序安排是否恰當(dāng)合理）0.5分
2.除全句結(jié)構(gòu)0.5分之外，剩下1.5分分布于句子當(dāng)中三個重要給分點（通常為重要詞組或者重要結(jié)構(gòu)）
重要結(jié)構(gòu)：定語從句、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語氣、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、雙重否定
例：Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (認知的) areas such as attention and memory.
研究人員證實人們在動腦筋時，頭腦里會產(chǎn)生生化變化，使頭腦在注意力和記憶力這類認知領(lǐng)域中更加有效的活動。（全句結(jié)構(gòu)0.5）
三、翻譯過程
1.找到需翻譯語句對應(yīng)文中的位置
2.理解階段
1）根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系 2）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)
3.表達階段（注意中英文表達習(xí)慣的差異）
1）詞序：即詞與詞或詞與句子之間的位置順序關(guān)系，中文習(xí)慣為修飾語前置。
例：The girl in red is my sister.
穿紅衣服的女孩是我姐姐。
I like the watch which you bought me.
我喜歡你給我買的那塊表。
We can keep fit by going in for exercise.
我們可以通過參加體育鍛煉來保持健康。
2）句序：a.中文習(xí)慣為狀語從句前置，英語中狀語從句（如原因、條件從句）有時置于主句之后，而漢語一般將狀語從句置于主語之前。
例：I would be most happy to go with you if I am not in the way.
如果不礙事的話我很高興和你們一起去。
b.中文按照時間邏輯順序安排句序，英文按照事情的重要性來安排句序。
例：It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had planned to pay to China in January.
我原計劃1月份訪問中國，后來必須推遲，對此我深表遺憾。
翻譯技巧
1.增詞法：目的在于使譯文通順而不是增加含義
1）增加動詞
例：After the banquet and the concert, he would work on his report.
(參加)宴會和(出席)音樂會之后他會繼續(xù)寫報告。
2）增加名詞
例：He cann't endure the tension of modern life.
他不能忍受現(xiàn)代生活的緊張(節(jié)奏)。
例：You are frank and honest with all your faults.
你對錯誤的（態(tài)度）坦誠。
2.轉(zhuǎn)譯法：
1）含有動詞意味的名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞
例：It is evidence enough of the desire of all of us to solve the problem according to people's will as soon as possible(ASAP).
這充分證明了我們都希望按照人們的意愿盡快解決問題。
2）動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞
例：Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他們之間關(guān)系的特點是以禮相待。
例：Most satellites are designed to burned up themselves after completing mission.
按照設(shè)計大部分衛(wèi)星在完成任務(wù)后自行燃燒。
3）形容詞副詞之間相互轉(zhuǎn)譯
例：We took several brief and restless naps.
我們簡短不安地睡了幾次?！ ∷?、一些具體結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯：
1.限定性定語從句: 按照修飾語前置翻譯方法。通常譯為“……的”。（置于被修飾的名詞之前）
例：For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
從人口的總體考慮，我們必須更多地關(guān)注攝入少量的、在不知不覺中污染我們世界的殺蟲劑所造成的延遲效應(yīng)。
2.非限定性定語從句（即which之前有逗號）譯為單句
例：He said that this was a good idea, which he would consider.
他說這是一個好主意，他會加以考慮。
3.同位語從句
1）分譯法：將先行詞與同位語從句分開翻譯，中間用“即”、“就是說”、冒號、破折號分開。
例：He said that this was a good idea that he would consider.（定語從句）
We have to face the fact that we are still poor.（同位語從句）
我們必須面對一個事實，即我們還很貧窮。
A) growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
B) the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
C) the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
D) full support from agriculture experts
注：因果關(guān)系詞 because of
"This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States," says George Qerther of Texas A& M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired form the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
一、翻譯標(biāo)準：忠實、通順
1.忠實指意義忠實于原文
2.通順指符合中文表達習(xí)慣。
3.“信、達、雅”
二、評分情況(每題2分）
1.全句結(jié)構(gòu)（句子當(dāng)中各個成分位置順序安排是否恰當(dāng)合理）0.5分
2.除全句結(jié)構(gòu)0.5分之外，剩下1.5分分布于句子當(dāng)中三個重要給分點（通常為重要詞組或者重要結(jié)構(gòu)）
重要結(jié)構(gòu)：定語從句、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語氣、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、雙重否定
例：Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (認知的) areas such as attention and memory.
研究人員證實人們在動腦筋時，頭腦里會產(chǎn)生生化變化，使頭腦在注意力和記憶力這類認知領(lǐng)域中更加有效的活動。（全句結(jié)構(gòu)0.5）
三、翻譯過程
1.找到需翻譯語句對應(yīng)文中的位置
2.理解階段
1）根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系 2）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)
3.表達階段（注意中英文表達習(xí)慣的差異）
1）詞序：即詞與詞或詞與句子之間的位置順序關(guān)系，中文習(xí)慣為修飾語前置。
例：The girl in red is my sister.
穿紅衣服的女孩是我姐姐。
I like the watch which you bought me.
我喜歡你給我買的那塊表。
We can keep fit by going in for exercise.
我們可以通過參加體育鍛煉來保持健康。
2）句序：a.中文習(xí)慣為狀語從句前置，英語中狀語從句（如原因、條件從句）有時置于主句之后，而漢語一般將狀語從句置于主語之前。
例：I would be most happy to go with you if I am not in the way.
如果不礙事的話我很高興和你們一起去。
b.中文按照時間邏輯順序安排句序，英文按照事情的重要性來安排句序。
例：It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had planned to pay to China in January.
我原計劃1月份訪問中國，后來必須推遲，對此我深表遺憾。
翻譯技巧
1.增詞法：目的在于使譯文通順而不是增加含義
1）增加動詞
例：After the banquet and the concert, he would work on his report.
(參加)宴會和(出席)音樂會之后他會繼續(xù)寫報告。
2）增加名詞
例：He cann't endure the tension of modern life.
他不能忍受現(xiàn)代生活的緊張(節(jié)奏)。
例：You are frank and honest with all your faults.
你對錯誤的（態(tài)度）坦誠。
2.轉(zhuǎn)譯法：
1）含有動詞意味的名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞
例：It is evidence enough of the desire of all of us to solve the problem according to people's will as soon as possible(ASAP).
這充分證明了我們都希望按照人們的意愿盡快解決問題。
2）動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞
例：Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他們之間關(guān)系的特點是以禮相待。
例：Most satellites are designed to burned up themselves after completing mission.
按照設(shè)計大部分衛(wèi)星在完成任務(wù)后自行燃燒。
3）形容詞副詞之間相互轉(zhuǎn)譯
例：We took several brief and restless naps.
我們簡短不安地睡了幾次?！ ∷?、一些具體結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯：
1.限定性定語從句: 按照修飾語前置翻譯方法。通常譯為“……的”。（置于被修飾的名詞之前）
例：For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
從人口的總體考慮，我們必須更多地關(guān)注攝入少量的、在不知不覺中污染我們世界的殺蟲劑所造成的延遲效應(yīng)。
2.非限定性定語從句（即which之前有逗號）譯為單句
例：He said that this was a good idea, which he would consider.
他說這是一個好主意，他會加以考慮。
3.同位語從句
1）分譯法：將先行詞與同位語從句分開翻譯，中間用“即”、“就是說”、冒號、破折號分開。
例：He said that this was a good idea that he would consider.（定語從句）
We have to face the fact that we are still poor.（同位語從句）
我們必須面對一個事實，即我們還很貧窮。