Unit 10 （2003年）
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative，possessed of insatiable curiosity.（61）Furthermore，humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live，thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore，it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner，with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from the Green words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of”. By its very name，anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（62）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography，economics，political science，psychology，and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（63）The emphasis on data gathered firsthand，combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present，makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of19th century science.（64）Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”. This insight，so profound in its simplicity，opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned，shared，and patterned behavior.
（65）Thus，the anthropological concept of “culture”，like the concept of “set” in mathematics，is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
Unit 10 翻譯題解：
61） Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為兩段：
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, / thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
第二、句子的結構是：
1） 這是個主句+分詞短語表示伴隨狀態(tài)的結構：humans have the ability to modify…… thus subjecting ……
2） the environment in which they live是先行詞+定語從句。
第三、詞的處理：modify the environment in which they live 改變他們的生存環(huán)境；subjecting all other life forms to 讓所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從……
完整的譯文：
61）而且，人類還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境，從而使所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從人類自己獨特的想法和想像。
考點總結：
1）不定式短語做定語；
2）介詞+定語從句；
3）分詞短語表示伴隨狀態(tài)。
62） Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為四段：
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry / which seeks to study humans and their endeavors / in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner / that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
第二、句子的主干結構是：
主句+ which引導的定語從句+方式狀語（in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner）+定語從句。
第三、詞的處理：
Social science 社會科學 intellectual enquiry 知識探究；humans and their endeavors 人類及其行為；reasoned 理性的 orderly 有序的；systematic 系統(tǒng)的 dispassioned 冷靜的；natural phenomena 自然現(xiàn)象
完整的譯文：
62） 社會科學是知識探索的一個分支，它力圖像自然科學家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類及其行為。
考點總結：
1）定語從句；
2）方式狀語；
3）多重并列定語。
63） The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為四段：
The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, / combined with a cross cultural perspective / brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, / makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
第二、句子的結構是：
1）主干結構是一個簡單句：The emphasis……, combined with……, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
2）主語后面帶有on data gathered first-hand是主語的定語， combined with相當于and的意思，是對主語內(nèi)容的補充，perspective可以理解成主語的并列成分，brought to the analysis of cultures past and present是perspective的定語。其中past and present是cultures的定語。
第三、詞的處理：The emphasis 翻譯時詞性轉換成動詞；data gathered first-hand 搜集的第一手資料；combined with 加上，（這個短語不影響主語的數(shù)的變化）；a cross-cultural perspective 跨文化視角this study 這一研究
完整的譯文：
63）強調搜集第一手資料，加上在分析過去和現(xiàn)在的文化形態(tài)時采用跨文化視角，使這一研究成為一門獨特并且非常重要的社會科學。
考點總結：
1）帶有多重修飾成分的簡單句；
2）過去分詞短語做定語；
3）復合賓語結構
4）詞性轉換。
64） Tylor defined culture as “…… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
Tylor defined culture as “…… that complex whole / which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits / acquired by man as a member of society.”
第二、句子的結構是：
1）主干結構是：Tylor defined culture as “……that complex whole……”其中whole是“整體”的意思。后面是一個很長的定語從句，翻譯時可以和先行詞拆開。
2）which 引導的定語從句中有多重并列賓語，acquired by man as a member of society是賓語的定語。
第三、詞的處理：Tylor 人名，按照音譯；defined culture as 將文化定義為；that complex whole 一個復合體；belief 信仰；morals 道德；man as a member of society 人作為社會成員
完整的譯文：
64）泰勒把文化定義為“一個復合體，它包括人作為社會成員所獲得的信仰、藝術、道德、法律、風俗以及其它能力和習慣。
考點總結：
1）定語從句；
2）過去分詞短語做定語；
3）多重并列賓語。
65） Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為四段：
Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, / is an abstract concept / which makes possible / immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
第二、句子的結構是：
1） 主干結構是：主語+插入語（like the concept of） +系表結構 （is an abstract concept） + which 引導的定語從句
2） immense amounts of concrete research and understanding是動詞 makes的賓語， possible是狀語前置。
第三、詞的處理：
the anthropological concept of “culture,” 人類學的“文化”概念；the concept of “set” in mathematics 數(shù)學中“集”的概念；an abstract concept 抽象概念； immense amounts of concrete research 大量的具體研究
完整的譯文：
65）因此，人類學中“文化”的概念就像數(shù)學中“集”的概念一樣，是一個抽象概念。它使大量的具體研究和認識成為可能。
考點總結：
1）表示比較的插入語；
2）定語從句；
3）復合賓語；
4）狀語前置。
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative，possessed of insatiable curiosity.（61）Furthermore，humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live，thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore，it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner，with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from the Green words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of”. By its very name，anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（62）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography，economics，political science，psychology，and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（63）The emphasis on data gathered firsthand，combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present，makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of19th century science.（64）Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”. This insight，so profound in its simplicity，opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned，shared，and patterned behavior.
（65）Thus，the anthropological concept of “culture”，like the concept of “set” in mathematics，is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
Unit 10 翻譯題解：
61） Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為兩段：
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, / thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
第二、句子的結構是：
1） 這是個主句+分詞短語表示伴隨狀態(tài)的結構：humans have the ability to modify…… thus subjecting ……
2） the environment in which they live是先行詞+定語從句。
第三、詞的處理：modify the environment in which they live 改變他們的生存環(huán)境；subjecting all other life forms to 讓所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從……
完整的譯文：
61）而且，人類還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境，從而使所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從人類自己獨特的想法和想像。
考點總結：
1）不定式短語做定語；
2）介詞+定語從句；
3）分詞短語表示伴隨狀態(tài)。
62） Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為四段：
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry / which seeks to study humans and their endeavors / in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner / that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
第二、句子的主干結構是：
主句+ which引導的定語從句+方式狀語（in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner）+定語從句。
第三、詞的處理：
Social science 社會科學 intellectual enquiry 知識探究；humans and their endeavors 人類及其行為；reasoned 理性的 orderly 有序的；systematic 系統(tǒng)的 dispassioned 冷靜的；natural phenomena 自然現(xiàn)象
完整的譯文：
62） 社會科學是知識探索的一個分支，它力圖像自然科學家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類及其行為。
考點總結：
1）定語從句；
2）方式狀語；
3）多重并列定語。
63） The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為四段：
The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, / combined with a cross cultural perspective / brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, / makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
第二、句子的結構是：
1）主干結構是一個簡單句：The emphasis……, combined with……, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
2）主語后面帶有on data gathered first-hand是主語的定語， combined with相當于and的意思，是對主語內(nèi)容的補充，perspective可以理解成主語的并列成分，brought to the analysis of cultures past and present是perspective的定語。其中past and present是cultures的定語。
第三、詞的處理：The emphasis 翻譯時詞性轉換成動詞；data gathered first-hand 搜集的第一手資料；combined with 加上，（這個短語不影響主語的數(shù)的變化）；a cross-cultural perspective 跨文化視角this study 這一研究
完整的譯文：
63）強調搜集第一手資料，加上在分析過去和現(xiàn)在的文化形態(tài)時采用跨文化視角，使這一研究成為一門獨特并且非常重要的社會科學。
考點總結：
1）帶有多重修飾成分的簡單句；
2）過去分詞短語做定語；
3）復合賓語結構
4）詞性轉換。
64） Tylor defined culture as “…… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
Tylor defined culture as “…… that complex whole / which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits / acquired by man as a member of society.”
第二、句子的結構是：
1）主干結構是：Tylor defined culture as “……that complex whole……”其中whole是“整體”的意思。后面是一個很長的定語從句，翻譯時可以和先行詞拆開。
2）which 引導的定語從句中有多重并列賓語，acquired by man as a member of society是賓語的定語。
第三、詞的處理：Tylor 人名，按照音譯；defined culture as 將文化定義為；that complex whole 一個復合體；belief 信仰；morals 道德；man as a member of society 人作為社會成員
完整的譯文：
64）泰勒把文化定義為“一個復合體，它包括人作為社會成員所獲得的信仰、藝術、道德、法律、風俗以及其它能力和習慣。
考點總結：
1）定語從句；
2）過去分詞短語做定語；
3）多重并列賓語。
65） Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為四段：
Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, / is an abstract concept / which makes possible / immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
第二、句子的結構是：
1） 主干結構是：主語+插入語（like the concept of） +系表結構 （is an abstract concept） + which 引導的定語從句
2） immense amounts of concrete research and understanding是動詞 makes的賓語， possible是狀語前置。
第三、詞的處理：
the anthropological concept of “culture,” 人類學的“文化”概念；the concept of “set” in mathematics 數(shù)學中“集”的概念；an abstract concept 抽象概念； immense amounts of concrete research 大量的具體研究
完整的譯文：
65）因此，人類學中“文化”的概念就像數(shù)學中“集”的概念一樣，是一個抽象概念。它使大量的具體研究和認識成為可能。
考點總結：
1）表示比較的插入語；
2）定語從句；
3）復合賓語；
4）狀語前置。