轉(zhuǎn)換 (Shift of perspective)
    大體可分為 7 種：①詞類轉(zhuǎn)換（轉(zhuǎn)性）；②句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換；③表達(dá)方式轉(zhuǎn)換；④自然語(yǔ)序和倒裝語(yǔ)序轉(zhuǎn)換；⑤正面表達(dá)與反面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換；⑥主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換；⑦分句轉(zhuǎn)換。
    一、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換
    1. 名詞到動(dòng)詞
    1）表示心理狀態(tài)和觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)的名詞。
    My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.
    我建議他立刻戒煙。
    opinion
    thought
    objection
    refusal
    declaration
    declination
    proposal
    suggestion
    hope
    wish
    dream
    dread
    afraid
    worry
    2)“七感”以及衍生名詞
    For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.
    數(shù)百萬(wàn)移民一踏上這塊希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。
    sight
    hearing
    touch
    smelling
    taste
    feeling
    hunch/intuition
    spectator
    audience
    Large numbers enjoy the spectator sports.
    許多人喜歡觀看比賽。
    3) 加er或or結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞派生詞，不表示身份或職業(yè)，而有較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)作意味。
    a fast runner跑得很快,
    a smart learner學(xué)得很快
    a good liar你真會(huì)說(shuō)謊
    a bad kisser你吻技真差
    You are such a loser! 你真遜！
    4) 四大基本趨勢(shì)以及任何表示動(dòng)態(tài)變化的名詞
    increase
    decrease
    stabilization
    fluctuation
    The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.
    在過(guò)去的 20 年當(dāng)中，美國(guó)航空業(yè)迅猛發(fā)展。
    extension
    concentration
    dilution
    growth
    boom
    prosperity
    2. 介詞到動(dòng)詞
    1) off 脫離；離開(kāi)；出去；走了
    2）beyond 超過(guò)
    The book is beyond my understanding.
    我根本讀不懂這本書(shū)。
    The classroom is beyond its maximum seating capacity.
    這個(gè)教室坐不下那么多人。
    Beyond paradise
    3) above / below超過(guò)/ 低于
    It’s below the average level.
    4) with /without 具有；擁有/缺乏；沒(méi)有
    5）from/to 包括；如
    the developing countries from China to Brazil
    包括中國(guó)、巴西在內(nèi)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家
    如中國(guó)、巴西的發(fā)展中國(guó)家
    from
    derive from 來(lái)源于
    free from脫離
    to
    gift to you贈(zèng)與；給
    6）over　戰(zhàn)勝
    The victory of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil.
    正義戰(zhàn)勝了專斷行為，理智戰(zhàn)勝了墮落和盲目，民主戰(zhàn)勝了帝國(guó)主義，善戰(zhàn)勝了惡。
    7) under 客觀的具有；
    under the policy
    under the assumption
    中國(guó)政府無(wú)義務(wù)承諾
    The Chinese government is under no obligation to
    8）during 趕上
    During the 10th anniversary of our corporation’s founding, I’d like to have 35% off the original price.
    3. 形容詞和副詞互轉(zhuǎn)
    Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad.
    我國(guó)政府十分關(guān)心海外僑胞。
    4. 動(dòng)詞到名詞
    Our proposal was warmly welcomed by all the representatives.
    我們的提議得到了全體代表的熱烈歡迎。
    The girl impressed her relatives’ favorably with her vivacity and sense of humor.
    這個(gè)女孩以她的活潑和幽默感給她親戚們留下了極好的印象。
    The visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday.
    上周日，來(lái)訪客和陪同人員一起參觀了黃鶴樓。