Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this Part. Each passage is followed by some questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
（這是一篇報(bào)道性的科普文章，文章的主題是氣候變化對(duì)人類生存的影響。閱讀難度較大。）
When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance (異乎尋常地). In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than l0,000 years ago.
As environmentalists convene in rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past --and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geo1ogical and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet's environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time Period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.
Most important, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of Primates (靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign (宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past l0,000years - during which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared -- is a mere bright spot in a much large pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth's climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future -- even without the influence of human activity
2l. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged____________ .
A) to give up his former way of life
B) to leave the coastal areas.
C) to follow the ever-shifting vegetation
D) to abandon his original settlement.
答案為 A)?
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。見(jiàn)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句話After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. 在使周圍的動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕之后，人們被迫放棄舊有的生活方式，采取一種全新的生活策略，這導(dǎo)致了大范圍的饑荒和疾博?
22. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate____________ .
A) is going trough a fundamental change
B) has been getting warmer for l0, 000 years
C) will eventually change from hot to cold.
D) has gone through Periodical changes
答案為 D)?
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。見(jiàn)第二段的第二句話Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the pl anet's environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.?研究人員拚湊起一輻具有啟示意義的圖畫(huà)，揭示出正是地質(zhì)和天文的巨大力量結(jié)合在一起，在過(guò)去的幾百萬(wàn)年中使地球的環(huán)境由熱到冷、由潮濕到干燥，周而復(fù)始地發(fā)生變化。
23. Scientists believe that human evolution____________ .
A) has seldom been accompanied by climatic changes
B) has exerted little influence on climatic changes
C) has large1y been effected by climatic changes
D) has had a major impact on climatic changes
答案為C)?
主旨題。本文的主題是氣候變化對(duì)人類生存的影響。在第二段的開(kāi)頭即 提出了會(huì)議的內(nèi)容，提到了“those changes have transformed human existence”；第三段的第一句話重申了這個(gè)主題，說(shuō)“the climatic changes have had a m ajor impact on the evolution of the human species”，這句話倒過(guò)來(lái)即是本題題干加 上選項(xiàng)C）的意思。
24. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that___________ .
A) human activities have accelerated changes of Earth's environment
B) Earth's environment will remain mild despite human interference
C) Earth's climate is bound to change significantly in the future
D) Earth's climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future
答案為C）
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的最后一句話說(shuō)“過(guò)去氣候變化的模式說(shuō)明，即使沒(méi)有 人類活動(dòng)的影響，將來(lái)地球上的氣候也幾乎肯定會(huì)經(jīng)歷巨大的變化”，C）是本句后面部分 的同義再現(xiàn)。?
25. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that___________ .
A) human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changes
B) mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climate
C) man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming process
D) human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature
答案為D)
邏輯推斷題。解題的線索在第三段的最后一句話：Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists ague, it has in some instances been driven by it.? 的確，人類的歷史不僅僅受到全球氣候變化一些影響?？茖W(xué)家們認(rèn)為，在有些情況下，正是 氣候變化推動(dòng)了人類歷史的發(fā)展。
21. A 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. B
Directions: There are 4 passages in this Part. Each passage is followed by some questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
（這是一篇報(bào)道性的科普文章，文章的主題是氣候變化對(duì)人類生存的影響。閱讀難度較大。）
When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance (異乎尋常地). In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than l0,000 years ago.
As environmentalists convene in rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past --and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geo1ogical and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet's environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time Period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.
Most important, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of Primates (靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign (宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past l0,000years - during which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared -- is a mere bright spot in a much large pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth's climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future -- even without the influence of human activity
2l. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged____________ .
A) to give up his former way of life
B) to leave the coastal areas.
C) to follow the ever-shifting vegetation
D) to abandon his original settlement.
答案為 A)?
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。見(jiàn)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句話After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. 在使周圍的動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕之后，人們被迫放棄舊有的生活方式，采取一種全新的生活策略，這導(dǎo)致了大范圍的饑荒和疾博?
22. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate____________ .
A) is going trough a fundamental change
B) has been getting warmer for l0, 000 years
C) will eventually change from hot to cold.
D) has gone through Periodical changes
答案為 D)?
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。見(jiàn)第二段的第二句話Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the pl anet's environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.?研究人員拚湊起一輻具有啟示意義的圖畫(huà)，揭示出正是地質(zhì)和天文的巨大力量結(jié)合在一起，在過(guò)去的幾百萬(wàn)年中使地球的環(huán)境由熱到冷、由潮濕到干燥，周而復(fù)始地發(fā)生變化。
23. Scientists believe that human evolution____________ .
A) has seldom been accompanied by climatic changes
B) has exerted little influence on climatic changes
C) has large1y been effected by climatic changes
D) has had a major impact on climatic changes
答案為C)?
主旨題。本文的主題是氣候變化對(duì)人類生存的影響。在第二段的開(kāi)頭即 提出了會(huì)議的內(nèi)容，提到了“those changes have transformed human existence”；第三段的第一句話重申了這個(gè)主題，說(shuō)“the climatic changes have had a m ajor impact on the evolution of the human species”，這句話倒過(guò)來(lái)即是本題題干加 上選項(xiàng)C）的意思。
24. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that___________ .
A) human activities have accelerated changes of Earth's environment
B) Earth's environment will remain mild despite human interference
C) Earth's climate is bound to change significantly in the future
D) Earth's climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future
答案為C）
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的最后一句話說(shuō)“過(guò)去氣候變化的模式說(shuō)明，即使沒(méi)有 人類活動(dòng)的影響，將來(lái)地球上的氣候也幾乎肯定會(huì)經(jīng)歷巨大的變化”，C）是本句后面部分 的同義再現(xiàn)。?
25. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that___________ .
A) human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changes
B) mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climate
C) man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming process
D) human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature
答案為D)
邏輯推斷題。解題的線索在第三段的最后一句話：Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists ague, it has in some instances been driven by it.? 的確，人類的歷史不僅僅受到全球氣候變化一些影響?？茖W(xué)家們認(rèn)為，在有些情況下，正是 氣候變化推動(dòng)了人類歷史的發(fā)展。
21. A 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. B