完形填空更注重對(duì)篇章語(yǔ)境的考查，而并非單純孤立的考查語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)。做好完形填空的題目，考生日常要注意對(duì)段落和上下文的把握，要善于捕捉文中提供的信息。在單項(xiàng)填空中提到的幾項(xiàng)解題方法同樣適用于完形填空，考生應(yīng)該在深刻領(lǐng)會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)上綜合運(yùn)用各種解題方法。華洋專(zhuān)家提出“三遍閱讀法”解題，通過(guò)第一遍閱讀快速瀏覽，根據(jù)不完整的句子掌握短文的大概意思，知道文章在講一些什么事情，不需要糾纏細(xì)節(jié)的東西。因?yàn)闀r(shí)間上的限制，這遍閱讀要快，在快速閱讀中盡可能充分理解短文意思。第二遍就是分析選擇，在第一遍的基礎(chǔ)上，認(rèn)真分析每一個(gè)空白，根據(jù)上下文，語(yǔ)法、詞法等基本語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，給每空選出答案。第二遍閱讀要求考生盡可能仔細(xì)，認(rèn)真分析短文的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。第三遍把做好選擇代入文章進(jìn)行通讀，檢查有沒(méi)有遺漏或者錯(cuò)誤。這一遍一般也要求要較快的完成，實(shí)際是對(duì)自己前兩遍工作的一個(gè)復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。如果能夠認(rèn)真的完成上述三遍閱讀，完形填空應(yīng)該能夠得到很好的成績(jī)。有的考生在開(kāi)始的時(shí)候覺(jué)得三遍特別費(fèi)時(shí)間，拿到題目讀了第一句就要做出選擇，其實(shí)這是不好的做法，“欲速則不達(dá)”，沒(méi)有第一遍閱讀，不了解短文的大致意思，很難快速而高準(zhǔn)確率的做出選擇。
【經(jīng)典例題1】
閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的[A]、[B]、[C]三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的選項(xiàng)。
The Big Ben(英國(guó)大笨鐘) is located in the tower in London. It is very famous 1 the world, but nobody knows why it is 2 Big Ben. There are two stories 3 this. Some people say that it was named 4 Benjamin Caunt, a boxer. People called 5 Big Ben. But more people believe it was called after Welshman, Sir Benjamin Hall. He was in 6 of this work in 1859. A story was told that during a 7 in a meeting on what 8 the bell, Sir Benjamin was going to give his ideas an officer behind him shouted 9 , “Let’s call it Big Ben!” From 10 on it was named Big Ben.
1. [A] throughout [B] over [C] at
2. [A] say [B]call [C]called
3. [A] of [B] for [C]about
4. [A] because [B] after [C] of
5. [A] they [B] it [C] him
6. [A] change [B] charge [C] believe
7. [A] discussion [B]decision [C] fighting
8. [A] calls [B] to call [C] is called
9. [A] quick [B] sudden [C] suddenly
10. [A] now [B] that [C] then
【正確答案】 1.[A] 2.[C] 3.[C] 4.[B] 5.[C] 6.[B] 7.[A] 8.[B] 9.[C] 10.[C]
【精解】
通過(guò)第一遍的快速通讀，我們大概了解這篇短文主要是講英國(guó)大笨鐘名稱(chēng)的由來(lái)。1的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，表示全世界文明應(yīng)該用throughout the world. 這也是個(gè)習(xí)慣用法。2是對(duì)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查，“被稱(chēng)為”要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，[A]、[B]語(yǔ)態(tài)都不對(duì)。關(guān)于命名有兩個(gè)故事，因此3選about. 4是考查動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配，name after表示“以……命名”。故正確答案為after. 如果考生并沒(méi)有掌握這個(gè)詞組也能通過(guò)上下文選出正確答案，因?yàn)橄乱痪渚陀型x詞組call after. 5也是考查考生對(duì)上下文的把握，人們稱(chēng)Benjamin Caunt為Big Ben，因此指代Benjamin Caunt應(yīng)該是him. 6考查習(xí)慣搭配，in charge of 表示負(fù)責(zé)，主持（工作）。7是說(shuō)大家討論、商量鐘的命名問(wèn)題，因此應(yīng)該是discussion，decision的意思是決定，而fighting 表示爭(zhēng)吵，意思都不妥當(dāng)。8利用排除法很容易得出正確答案，[A]、[C]都比較容易排除，因?yàn)楹苊黠@時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，因此正確答案是[B]。通過(guò)分析我們知道，9處應(yīng)該是個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，做狀語(yǔ)的一般詞性為副詞而不是形容詞，因此正確答案為suddenly。10考查慣用詞組，from then on 從那時(shí)起，from now on 表示從現(xiàn)在起，一般沒(méi)有from that on 的說(shuō)法。
【經(jīng)典例題2】
閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的[A]、[B]、[C]三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的選項(xiàng)。
On the way home my wife saw a bookshelf outside a shop. “ 1 it,” she said. “we will 2 it home on the roof-rack. I’ve always wanted one like that.” Ten minutes 3 we were back with the bookshelf. I drove slowly. Other 4 seemed more polite than usual. The driver even stopped traffic to let us through. After a while my wife said, “There’s a long line of cars 5 . Why don’t they overtake(超車(chē))?” Just at that time a police car did overtake, and two officers inside asked us to 6 their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at the church. One of the officers came to me and said, “Do you need any more 7 now?” I said, “You’ve been very 8 . We live just down the road.” He was looking at the bookshelf. “Oh, he said and 9 , we thought it was something else.” Suddenly I understood 10 the police drove here.
1. [A] buy [B] want [C] like
2. [A] take [B] carry [C]later
3. [A] before [B] after [C] later
4. [A] drivers [B] police [C] cleaners
5. [A] behind [B] before [C] beside
6. [A] take [B] follow [C] move
7. [A] time [B]money [C] help
8. [A] kind [B] clever [C] polite
9. [A] laughed [B] cried [C] shouted
10. [A] how [B] why [C] what
【正確答案】 1.[A] 2.[A] 3.[C] 4.[A] 5.[A] 6.[B] 7.[C] 8.[A] 9.[A] 10.[B]
【精解】解答該題，需要對(duì)短文通讀，了解文章的大概意思。本文的大意是我跟妻子買(mǎi)了一個(gè)書(shū)架放在車(chē)頂上運(yùn)回家，街上的其他司機(jī)們都很禮貌的給我們讓路，后來(lái)更有警車(chē)給我們開(kāi)路，最后我才恍然明白警察誤以為出了什么事情才來(lái)幫我們。了解了大意之后對(duì)每個(gè)空白和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析，選出正確答案。因?yàn)榈谝痪湓?huà)說(shuō)我跟妻子在回家路上在一家商店外面看到一個(gè)書(shū)架，因此空白1處應(yīng)該選“buy”，買(mǎi)了之后應(yīng)該是帶回家，2中carry表示“去取回來(lái)”，文中是說(shuō)在“回家路上…”，意思不對(duì)，這里應(yīng)該填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，因此C也不對(duì)。3處需要把表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充完整，根據(jù)后半句的意思“我們帶著書(shū)架回家”，肯定是在“說(shuō)完、買(mǎi)后”，因此應(yīng)該是“ten minutes later”表示妻子說(shuō)完的10分鐘后我們就帶著書(shū)架回家了。第4處重點(diǎn)考查考生對(duì)上下文的把握，后面的一句話(huà)說(shuō)有個(gè)司機(jī)甚至停下來(lái)給我們讓路讓我們過(guò)去，因此前面應(yīng)該是說(shuō)今天的“司機(jī)們”都比平時(shí)有禮貌，而不是“警察”或者“清潔工”?？吹絼e人讓路這種不同平常的現(xiàn)象，妻子比較奇怪為什么后面的車(chē)不超車(chē)上來(lái)，因此，5應(yīng)該選“behind”。正說(shuō)著，一個(gè)警車(chē)超車(chē)上來(lái)并讓我們跟在他們的后面穿過(guò)擁擠的交通，因此6應(yīng)該選“follow”，“take”和“move”的意思放在這里都不對(duì)。7的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，應(yīng)該結(jié)合上文“警察給我們帶路”是幫助我們，因此是說(shuō)“還需要幫助”嗎？選help。對(duì)主人公老說(shuō)，警察剛才的做法已經(jīng)非常的“和善，友善”，而不是“禮貌（警車(chē)不必要對(duì)一般的司機(jī)格外禮貌）”或者“聰明”，因此8處應(yīng)該選kind。然后主人公給警察說(shuō)就住在這條街，警察意識(shí)到他們誤解了，因此是9選“l(fā)aughed”，這個(gè)時(shí)候，主人公恍然大悟，明白為什么警察開(kāi)車(chē)到這里了，10選“how”。
【經(jīng)典例題1】
閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的[A]、[B]、[C]三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的選項(xiàng)。
The Big Ben(英國(guó)大笨鐘) is located in the tower in London. It is very famous 1 the world, but nobody knows why it is 2 Big Ben. There are two stories 3 this. Some people say that it was named 4 Benjamin Caunt, a boxer. People called 5 Big Ben. But more people believe it was called after Welshman, Sir Benjamin Hall. He was in 6 of this work in 1859. A story was told that during a 7 in a meeting on what 8 the bell, Sir Benjamin was going to give his ideas an officer behind him shouted 9 , “Let’s call it Big Ben!” From 10 on it was named Big Ben.
1. [A] throughout [B] over [C] at
2. [A] say [B]call [C]called
3. [A] of [B] for [C]about
4. [A] because [B] after [C] of
5. [A] they [B] it [C] him
6. [A] change [B] charge [C] believe
7. [A] discussion [B]decision [C] fighting
8. [A] calls [B] to call [C] is called
9. [A] quick [B] sudden [C] suddenly
10. [A] now [B] that [C] then
【正確答案】 1.[A] 2.[C] 3.[C] 4.[B] 5.[C] 6.[B] 7.[A] 8.[B] 9.[C] 10.[C]
【精解】
通過(guò)第一遍的快速通讀，我們大概了解這篇短文主要是講英國(guó)大笨鐘名稱(chēng)的由來(lái)。1的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，表示全世界文明應(yīng)該用throughout the world. 這也是個(gè)習(xí)慣用法。2是對(duì)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查，“被稱(chēng)為”要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，[A]、[B]語(yǔ)態(tài)都不對(duì)。關(guān)于命名有兩個(gè)故事，因此3選about. 4是考查動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配，name after表示“以……命名”。故正確答案為after. 如果考生并沒(méi)有掌握這個(gè)詞組也能通過(guò)上下文選出正確答案，因?yàn)橄乱痪渚陀型x詞組call after. 5也是考查考生對(duì)上下文的把握，人們稱(chēng)Benjamin Caunt為Big Ben，因此指代Benjamin Caunt應(yīng)該是him. 6考查習(xí)慣搭配，in charge of 表示負(fù)責(zé)，主持（工作）。7是說(shuō)大家討論、商量鐘的命名問(wèn)題，因此應(yīng)該是discussion，decision的意思是決定，而fighting 表示爭(zhēng)吵，意思都不妥當(dāng)。8利用排除法很容易得出正確答案，[A]、[C]都比較容易排除，因?yàn)楹苊黠@時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，因此正確答案是[B]。通過(guò)分析我們知道，9處應(yīng)該是個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，做狀語(yǔ)的一般詞性為副詞而不是形容詞，因此正確答案為suddenly。10考查慣用詞組，from then on 從那時(shí)起，from now on 表示從現(xiàn)在起，一般沒(méi)有from that on 的說(shuō)法。
【經(jīng)典例題2】
閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的[A]、[B]、[C]三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的選項(xiàng)。
On the way home my wife saw a bookshelf outside a shop. “ 1 it,” she said. “we will 2 it home on the roof-rack. I’ve always wanted one like that.” Ten minutes 3 we were back with the bookshelf. I drove slowly. Other 4 seemed more polite than usual. The driver even stopped traffic to let us through. After a while my wife said, “There’s a long line of cars 5 . Why don’t they overtake(超車(chē))?” Just at that time a police car did overtake, and two officers inside asked us to 6 their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at the church. One of the officers came to me and said, “Do you need any more 7 now?” I said, “You’ve been very 8 . We live just down the road.” He was looking at the bookshelf. “Oh, he said and 9 , we thought it was something else.” Suddenly I understood 10 the police drove here.
1. [A] buy [B] want [C] like
2. [A] take [B] carry [C]later
3. [A] before [B] after [C] later
4. [A] drivers [B] police [C] cleaners
5. [A] behind [B] before [C] beside
6. [A] take [B] follow [C] move
7. [A] time [B]money [C] help
8. [A] kind [B] clever [C] polite
9. [A] laughed [B] cried [C] shouted
10. [A] how [B] why [C] what
【正確答案】 1.[A] 2.[A] 3.[C] 4.[A] 5.[A] 6.[B] 7.[C] 8.[A] 9.[A] 10.[B]
【精解】解答該題，需要對(duì)短文通讀，了解文章的大概意思。本文的大意是我跟妻子買(mǎi)了一個(gè)書(shū)架放在車(chē)頂上運(yùn)回家，街上的其他司機(jī)們都很禮貌的給我們讓路，后來(lái)更有警車(chē)給我們開(kāi)路，最后我才恍然明白警察誤以為出了什么事情才來(lái)幫我們。了解了大意之后對(duì)每個(gè)空白和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析，選出正確答案。因?yàn)榈谝痪湓?huà)說(shuō)我跟妻子在回家路上在一家商店外面看到一個(gè)書(shū)架，因此空白1處應(yīng)該選“buy”，買(mǎi)了之后應(yīng)該是帶回家，2中carry表示“去取回來(lái)”，文中是說(shuō)在“回家路上…”，意思不對(duì)，這里應(yīng)該填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，因此C也不對(duì)。3處需要把表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充完整，根據(jù)后半句的意思“我們帶著書(shū)架回家”，肯定是在“說(shuō)完、買(mǎi)后”，因此應(yīng)該是“ten minutes later”表示妻子說(shuō)完的10分鐘后我們就帶著書(shū)架回家了。第4處重點(diǎn)考查考生對(duì)上下文的把握，后面的一句話(huà)說(shuō)有個(gè)司機(jī)甚至停下來(lái)給我們讓路讓我們過(guò)去，因此前面應(yīng)該是說(shuō)今天的“司機(jī)們”都比平時(shí)有禮貌，而不是“警察”或者“清潔工”?？吹絼e人讓路這種不同平常的現(xiàn)象，妻子比較奇怪為什么后面的車(chē)不超車(chē)上來(lái)，因此，5應(yīng)該選“behind”。正說(shuō)著，一個(gè)警車(chē)超車(chē)上來(lái)并讓我們跟在他們的后面穿過(guò)擁擠的交通，因此6應(yīng)該選“follow”，“take”和“move”的意思放在這里都不對(duì)。7的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，應(yīng)該結(jié)合上文“警察給我們帶路”是幫助我們，因此是說(shuō)“還需要幫助”嗎？選help。對(duì)主人公老說(shuō)，警察剛才的做法已經(jīng)非常的“和善，友善”，而不是“禮貌（警車(chē)不必要對(duì)一般的司機(jī)格外禮貌）”或者“聰明”，因此8處應(yīng)該選kind。然后主人公給警察說(shuō)就住在這條街，警察意識(shí)到他們誤解了，因此是9選“l(fā)aughed”，這個(gè)時(shí)候，主人公恍然大悟，明白為什么警察開(kāi)車(chē)到這里了，10選“how”。