81．The first steam engine was devised by Thomas newcomer at the end of 17th century, and the Scottish inventor james watt modified and improved the design in 1765.
    十七世紀末，托馬斯。紐卡墨設(shè)計了第一臺蒸氣機，蘇格蘭發(fā)明家詹姆斯。華特修改并改良了設(shè)計方案（1765）。
    82．As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 the “workshop of the world”.
    作為工業(yè)革命的結(jié)果，英國到1830年止成為“世界工場”。
    83．In the 18th and 19th centuries, the lords had far more influence than it has today and the commons were also really gentry on the edge of aristocracy.
    18世紀和19世紀，上議院比今日的影響大的多，并且下議院處于貴族的邊緣上，也相當“貴氣”。
    84．The chartist movement was, however, the first nationwide working class movement and drew attention to serious problems.
    憲章運動是第一次全國范圍的工人運動，引起了對許多嚴重問題的關(guān)注。
    85．In 1900, representatives of the trade unions, the ILP, and a number of socialist societies set up the labour representation for the general which changed its name to the labour party in time for the general election for 1906.
    1900年，工會代表，獨立工黨和許多小型社會主義社團一起成立叻工人代表委員會。1906年的大選迫使工人代表委員會及時更名為工黨。
    86．English colonial expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583. By 1900 Britain had built up a big empire, “on which the sun never set”.
    英國殖民擴張始于1583年紐芬蘭的殖民化，到1900年，英國已經(jīng)建立了“太陽永不落”的大英帝國。
    87．During world war Ⅰ， Britain lost over a million people, most of them under age of 25.
    一戰(zhàn)中英國死亡100多萬人口，大多數(shù)為25歲以下的年輕人。
    88．Chamberlain was not the man to lead his country in such a crisis, Winston Churchill , his first lord of admiralty took over as Prime Minster in 1940.
    張伯倫在危急關(guān)頭不能領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國家，因此他的首相溫斯頓。邱吉爾于1940年接替首相職位。
    89．In January, 1973, Britain finally became a member of the Europe Economic Community, which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957.
    1973年1月，英國只能終于成為歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體的正式成員國，共同體是根據(jù)1957年的《羅馬條例》成立的。
    90．The election of 1979 returned the conservative party to power and Margaret Chatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.
    1979年的選舉令保守黨再次上臺，瑪格麗特，撒切爾成為英國首位女首相。