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        自考英語(一)課堂筆記完整版(27)

        字號(hào):

        Unit14(第41講—第43講)
            Text A The importance of being kind and polite
            本課主要單詞
            1.frankly adv. 坦白地,直率地;坦率地說
            1)He frankly admitted that he had made a mistake. (他坦率地承認(rèn)自己犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。)
            2)She asked me to tell her frankly what I wished to do. (她讓我坦率地告訴她我希望做什么。)
            3)Frankly, he is not easy to get along with. (坦率地說,他這個(gè)人不好打交道。)
            4)Quite frankly, I don't care about what they may say. (坦率地說,我不在乎他們會(huì)說什么。)
            frank adj. 坦誠的    v. 蓋免費(fèi)郵戳于(郵件);準(zhǔn)許…自由通過
            1)They gave us a frank reply. (他們給了我們一個(gè)坦率的回答。)
            2)They have franked these letters. (他們已經(jīng)給這些信件蓋了郵資已付的郵戳。)
            3)We are trying to frank him through customs. (我們正努力使他免檢通過海關(guān)。)
            2.boring adj. 令人厭煩的;乏味的
            bored adj. 感到厭煩的
            bore v. 使厭煩,使厭倦    n. 令人討厭的人或事
            boredom n. 厭煩,厭倦;乏味
            1)It was such a boring journey that he didn't want to say anything about it.(這次旅行很乏味,他什么也不想提及。)
            2)I am bored. I don't have anything to do. (我無事可做,感到乏味。)
            3)Most of the book had bored him, with the exception of one chapter.(除了其中的一章,這本書的大部分內(nèi)容使他感到乏味。)
            4)Sam is such a bore that no one wants to have anything to do with him.(山姆是個(gè)很令人討厭的人,誰都不想與他打交道。)
            5)She seems so depressed by the boredom of her city life. (城市生活的乏味似乎令她沮喪。)
            3.honestly adv. 誠實(shí)地;的確
            honest adj. 誠實(shí)的
            honesty n. 誠實(shí)
            dishonest adj. 不誠實(shí)的;不正直的
            1) Honestly, I don't know what you're talking about. (說實(shí)在的,我不知道你在講些什么。)
            2) You have to answer the following questions honestly. (你得誠實(shí)地回答下列問題。)
            3) He is honest, he doesn't tell lies. (他是老實(shí)人,不說謊。)
            4) First of all, you should be honest about why you want the money. (首先,你應(yīng)該坦率地說為什么要這些錢。)
            5) We have no doubt as to his honesty. (對(duì)他的誠實(shí)我們毫不懷疑。)
            6) How can you believe such a dishonest person. (你怎么能相信這樣一個(gè)不誠實(shí)的人?)
            7) He got his money in dishonest ways. (他以不正當(dāng)?shù)姆绞礁沐X。)
            4.impress v. 給…深刻的印象
            impression n. 印象;效果,影響
            impressive adj. 給人以深刻印象的
            1)What I saw and heard there impressed me deeply. (那兒的所見所聞給我留下了深刻的印象。)
            2)I was impressed by his high efficiency. (他的高效率給我留下了深刻的印象。)
            3)My advice seemed to make no impression on him. (我的勸告似乎對(duì)他不起作用。)
            4)She made a very good impression on her employer. (她給雇主留下了極好的印象。)
            5)The impressive scene will be always in his mind. (那個(gè)難忘的場(chǎng)面將永遠(yuǎn)留在他的腦海中。)
            5.collection n. 收集;收藏品
            collect v. (去)?。唤?;聚集
            1) He has a large collection of books. (他有大量的藏書。)
            2) The collection of butterfly specimens takes up all his spare time. (他所有的業(yè)余時(shí)間都用于采集蝴蝶標(biāo)本了。)
            3) He likes collecting stamps. (他愛好集郵。)
            4) I have to go and collect my daughter. (我得去接女兒了。)
            5) A large crowd collected in front of the building. (那座樓前聚集了一大群人。)
            collect 也可以做副詞用,意思是“由受話人付費(fèi)”,如:
            I will call London collect. (我將給倫敦打一個(gè)對(duì)方付費(fèi)的電話。)
            6.misunderstand v. 誤解,誤會(huì)
            misunderstanding n. 誤會(huì);爭(zhēng)執(zhí)
            1)Don't misunderstand us, we are here to help, not to make trouble.(別誤解我們的意思,我們是來幫忙的,不是惹麻煩的。)
            2)She misunderstood what her friend said, and went away in a fury. (她誤解了她朋友所說的話,怒氣沖沖地走了。)
            3)They had a misunderstanding, but they have become friendly again. (他們?cè)羞^爭(zhēng)執(zhí),不過又言歸于好了。)
            4)I don't hope the minor misunderstanding will affect our friendship. (我不希望這點(diǎn)小誤會(huì)會(huì)影響我們的友誼。)
            7.friction n. 摩擦;不和,爭(zhēng)執(zhí)
            1)Constant friction caused the rope to break. (不斷的摩擦使繩子斷了。)
            2)The efficiency of the machine is higher because there is less friction.(由于摩擦力較小,這臺(tái)機(jī)器的效率更高了。)
            3)Family frictions can interfere with a child's schoolwork. (家庭中的爭(zhēng)吵會(huì)影響孩子的學(xué)業(yè)。)
            4)The friction between the two countries is getting more and more serious. (兩國(guó)之間的摩擦在加劇。)
            8.conflict n. 沖突,抵觸      v. 沖突,抵觸
            1)The conflict between the two villages lasted for years. (兩個(gè)村子之間的沖突持續(xù)了數(shù)年。)
            2)They came into conflict over the ownership of the house. (他們就房屋的所有權(quán)問題產(chǎn)生了激烈的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。)
            3)His statement conflicted with what his friend said. (他的說法與他的朋友所言截然不同。)
            4)My idea might conflict with his. (我的觀點(diǎn),可能會(huì)與他的觀點(diǎn)相沖突。)
            9.enforce v. 實(shí)施,執(zhí)行;強(qiáng)制;強(qiáng)調(diào)
            1)The president of our university said time and again that it was necessary to enforce the school regulations.(我們大學(xué)的校長(zhǎng)一再說執(zhí)行校規(guī)很有必要。)
            2)People were dissatisfied with the government's inability to enforce its law.(人們對(duì)政府無力執(zhí)行法律十分不滿。)
            3)Very often parents enforce their own will on children. (父母常常把自己的意愿強(qiáng)加給孩子們。)
            4)Illness enforced him to lie in bed. (疾病迫使他臥床。)
            5)You need to enforce you arguments by producing facts and figures. (你需要提出事實(shí)與數(shù)據(jù)來加強(qiáng)你的論點(diǎn)。)
            10.interact v. 相互影響,相互作用,相互交流
            interaction n. 相互影響,相互作用
            1)Mothers and babies internet in a complex way. (母嬰以一種復(fù)雜的方式相互交流。)
            2)Students are encouraged to interact in class in English by the teacher. (老師鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生在課堂上用英語互動(dòng)。)
            3)There is a need for more interaction between parents and children. (父母和孩子之間需要更多的相互交流。)
            4)They are doing some research on the interaction between seawater and lava.(他們正對(duì)海水與溶巖的相互作用進(jìn)行研究。)
            inter-是一個(gè)前綴,表示“相互”;“在…中間”。如:interchange (互換);intercommunicate (互相聯(lián)系;互相通信);interdependent (相互依賴,互相依存);international (國(guó)際的);interstate (州際的);interuniversity (大學(xué)間的)
            11.consensus n. 合意;(意見等的)一致;輿論
            1)There was a kind of unspoken consensus between them. (他們之間有一種默契。)
            2)The consensus was to abandon the project. (大多數(shù)人的意見是放棄該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。)
            3)It is very difficult for them to reach a consensus on what they are going to do.(要就他們將要進(jìn)行的事情達(dá)成大致意見是很困難。)
            4)You have to build a consensus with them if you really want to get their help.(如果你真想得到他們的幫助,你得與他們達(dá)成一致意見。)
            12.guideline n. 指導(dǎo)方針,準(zhǔn)則,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
            1)They are going to adopt new guidelines for national economy. (他們將采取新的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)指導(dǎo)方針。)
            2)Today the moral guidelines are not as obvious as they were. (現(xiàn)在的道德準(zhǔn)則不再以前一樣明確了。)
            3)The chemical additives still exceed guidelines set to protect public health.(化學(xué)添加劑仍然超過了為保護(hù)公眾健康而確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)
            13.unacceptable adj. 不能接受的,不受歡迎的
            acceptable adj. 可接受的
            accept v. 接受
            1) It is entirely unacceptable to break the law for the sake of money. (為了錢而犯法是完全不可接受的。)
            2) The proposal was unacceptable. (這個(gè)建議是不能接受的。)
            3) This is a proposal that is acceptable to all sides. (這是一個(gè)各方面都能接受的建議。)
            4) They didn't accept the invitation to attend the evening party. (他們沒有接受出席晚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)。)
            14.adolescent adj. 青春期的;青少年的      n. (16歲以下的)青少年
            adolescence n. 青春期(13-16歲的發(fā)育期)
            1) He was afraid that his son had anything to do with the adolescent gang.(他擔(dān)心他兒子與青少年犯罪集團(tuán)有牽連。)
            2) This film aimed at adolescents. (這部電影專為青少年拍攝。)
            3) His adolescence was not a happy time for him. (他的青春期過的不快樂。)
            4) Before his parents could realize it Tom had already reached the age of adolescence.(父母還沒意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題,湯姆已到了青春期年齡。)
            15.swear v. 詛咒;發(fā)誓      n. 誓言
            1)Don't swear in front of the children. (別在孩子們面前罵人。)
            2)Will you swear that you were not on the scene? (你愿意起誓說你當(dāng)時(shí)不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)嗎?)
            3)I swear that I will never trust him any more. (我保證再也不相信他了。)
            4)He swore by his honor that he would return the money in two weeks.(他以自己的名譽(yù)發(fā)誓保證在兩周內(nèi)還錢。)
            5)They refused to swear on a Bible. (他們拒絕手按圣經(jīng)發(fā)誓。)
            6)Don't take his swear seriously. (別拿他的誓言當(dāng)真。)
            16.indifferent adj. 冷漠的,不關(guān)心的
            indifference n. 冷漠
            1)If parents are indifferent to their success, children will fail to make progress.(如果父母漠視孩子的成功,孩子就不會(huì)進(jìn)步。)
            2)He is absolutely indifferent to other people's miseries. (他對(duì)別人的痛苦漠不關(guān)心。)
            3)He put on an air of indifference. (他擺出了一副滿不在乎的神氣。)
            4)She was annoyed by her son's indifference to her. (她兒子對(duì)她的冷漠態(tài)度令她惱怒。)
            17.discipline n. 紀(jì)律,訓(xùn)練;學(xué)科      v. 訓(xùn)練;使有紀(jì)律;懲罰
            1)The discipline of hard work would do you a lot of good. (艱苦工作的磨練會(huì)對(duì)你大有好處。)
            2)The young teacher couldn't keep discipline in her classroom. (那個(gè)年輕的教師無法維持課堂秩序。)
            3)Scientists of many disciplines would work together to solve the problem.(許多學(xué)科的科學(xué)家們將一道來解決這個(gè)問題。)
            4)They must learn to discipline themselves. (他們必須學(xué)會(huì)鍛煉自己。)
            5)He was disciplined for being late. (他因遲到而受罰。)
            18.individual n. 個(gè)人,個(gè)體      adj. 個(gè)別的,單獨(dú)的;獨(dú)特的
            1)The freedom of the individual was greatly emphasized in his talk. (他在講話中十分強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的自由。)
            2)Handwriting varies from individual to individual. (每個(gè)人的筆跡都不相同。)
            3)Each individual leaf on the tree is different. (樹上的每一片葉子都各不相同。)
            4)There was nothing individual about him except a deep scar across his right cheek. (他除了右臉頰有條深疤外別無特征。)
            本課簡(jiǎn)介
            在人類共同生活的社會(huì)里有一些共認(rèn)的社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則,這些準(zhǔn)則為大多數(shù)人所接受。如果你不能遵循這些準(zhǔn)則,你則會(huì)被看作為一個(gè)缺少文明禮貌舉止的人。善待他人,尊重他人能給我們帶來一種優(yōu)勢(shì),而這種優(yōu)勢(shì)會(huì)幫助我們成功。正因?yàn)槿绱?,我們?yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)在看電影時(shí)保持安靜;在點(diǎn)燃香煙前征得他人同意;注意選擇接聽移動(dòng)電話的場(chǎng)合;與老師交談時(shí)摘下隨身聽的耳機(jī);滿口含著食物時(shí)不隨意開口講話;該尊稱他人時(shí)不隨性而為亂稱呼……。這些看似不重要的小節(jié)恰恰是能反映一個(gè)人的社會(huì)公德的。
            本課主要語言點(diǎn)
            1. Unless you want to end a relationship, you don't tell another person what you think of her or him like this.
            unless在本句中的意思是“if not” (除非,如果不),如:
            1) You will fail the exam unless you study harder. (你若不更加努力學(xué)習(xí),考試會(huì)不及格。)
            2) We will go on with the experiment unless something unforeseen happens. (如果不發(fā)生意外,我們將繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)。)
            3) I will not go to the party unless he invites me. (如果他不邀請(qǐng)我,我就不去參加聚會(huì)。)
            4) Nothing, unless a miracle, can save him. (除非出現(xiàn)奇跡,他無法得救。)
            end在本句中用作動(dòng)詞,意思是“結(jié)束”。如:
            1) The meeting did not end until midnight. (會(huì)議開到半夜才結(jié)束。)
            2) The anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. (抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于1945年結(jié)束。)
            3) He refused to end his four-week tour in such a manner. (他不愿以這種方式結(jié)束為期四周的旅行。)