I am not ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+be 動詞(am/are/is)+not+…。
說明︰在肯定句中 be <動詞>的后面加 not 就構(gòu)成<否定句>.
I am not a student. 我不是學生。
You are not a lawyer. 你不是律師。
It is not a watch. 它不是手表。
I am not + V-ing.
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+am(are/is)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞…。
說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>(人,物)不是正在…”。要構(gòu)成<現(xiàn)在進行式>的<否定句>,只需在 be <動詞>后面加 not.
They are not playing. 他們不是正在玩。
She is not watching TV. 她不是正在看電視。
We are not cleaning the room. 我們不是正在打掃房間。
I don't + V ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+don't/doesn't+原形動詞+…。
說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>不(沒有)做某事”??隙ň渲?,如有一般<動詞>(speak/work/teach/…),則在一般<動詞>前加 don't 或 doesn't,并將一般<動詞>改為原形<動詞>(不加s或es),即構(gòu)成<否定句>.
I don't have any brothers. 我沒有任何的兄弟。
He doesn't know Mr. Brown. 他不認識布朗先生。
My mother doesn't speak English. 我母親不會講英語。
I wasn't ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+was/were+not+形容詞+過去時間。
說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>不是…”。was,were 是 be 動詞的<過去式>,當句中出現(xiàn)以下<副詞>(<詞組>)時,<動詞>常用過去式:ago,before,yesterday(morning,afternoon,evening), last night,the other day,in the past,just now…。 在 was,were 后面加 not,即構(gòu)成 be <動詞>過去式的<否定句>;將 was,were 移到句首,w 改為大寫,句點改為問號,即構(gòu)成 be <動詞>過去式的<疑問句>.
Tom was not busy yesterday. 湯姆昨天不忙。
We were not at home yesterday. 我們昨天不在家。
It was not hot yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午天氣不熱。
The boys were sick yesterday. 這些男孩昨天生病。
It was cold last winter. 去年冬天天氣寒冷。
Was your brother early to class yesterday morning? 你弟弟昨天早晨上課早到嗎?
I didn't + V ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+didn't+原形動詞+…過去時間。
說明︰本句型的肯定形式是:“<主詞>+過去式(+ed)+…過去時間”;將肯定句中的過去式改為“did not(=didn't)+原形<動詞>”,即構(gòu)成過去式的<否定句>.
He didn't clean the room yesterday. 他昨天沒打掃房間。
She washed the skirt yesterday. 她昨天洗這裙子。
Tom didn't watch TV last night. 湯姆昨晚沒看電視。
He talked to his sister after lunch. 午餐后,他跟他的妹妹談話。
They didn't cook lunch for their grandfather yesterday.他們昨天沒有為他們的祖父做午飯。
Mary cleaned the room this morning. 瑪麗今天早晨打掃了房間。
John didn't get up early this morning. 約翰今天早晨沒有早起床。
Tom didn't iron his shirt yesterday. 湯姆昨天沒有熨襯衣。
My mother didn't water the garden last week. 我母親上星期沒有給花園里澆水。
I have not + V-ed ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+have/has+not+過去分詞+…。
說明︰在<助動詞> have(has)的后面加“not”形成<現(xiàn)在完成式>的否定式。
I have not heard from John for a long time. 我好久沒有收到約翰的來信了。
She has not read today's newspaper. 她還沒有看今天的報紙。
They have not seen that movie on television. 他們還沒看過電視上的那部影片。
There is no + N/V-ing ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰There+be+no/not a/not any+名詞/動名詞(+副詞)
說明︰這是表示存在的<否定句>型。否定詞用 no,也可用 not a 或 not any.not a 后面跟單數(shù)<名詞>;not any 跟復數(shù)<名詞>;no 后面的<名詞>單復數(shù)都可以。其中以 not a 所表示的否定<語氣>較強。如果帶有各種<副詞>,通常是地點<副詞>置于<時間副詞>的前面。
There was nothing to buy in the store. There were no shirts, no vests, no jeans, and no pajamas. 那家商店里沒什么可買的。那里沒有襯衫,沒有背心,沒有牛仔褲,也沒有睡衣。
There was not a moment to be lost. 分秒必爭。
There is no denying the fact. 事實決不能否認。
(There must be) No talking in here! 這兒不許講話。
No smoking (within these walls)! (場內(nèi))禁煙!
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+be 動詞(am/are/is)+not+…。
說明︰在肯定句中 be <動詞>的后面加 not 就構(gòu)成<否定句>.
I am not a student. 我不是學生。
You are not a lawyer. 你不是律師。
It is not a watch. 它不是手表。
I am not + V-ing.
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+am(are/is)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞…。
說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>(人,物)不是正在…”。要構(gòu)成<現(xiàn)在進行式>的<否定句>,只需在 be <動詞>后面加 not.
They are not playing. 他們不是正在玩。
She is not watching TV. 她不是正在看電視。
We are not cleaning the room. 我們不是正在打掃房間。
I don't + V ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+don't/doesn't+原形動詞+…。
說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>不(沒有)做某事”??隙ň渲?,如有一般<動詞>(speak/work/teach/…),則在一般<動詞>前加 don't 或 doesn't,并將一般<動詞>改為原形<動詞>(不加s或es),即構(gòu)成<否定句>.
I don't have any brothers. 我沒有任何的兄弟。
He doesn't know Mr. Brown. 他不認識布朗先生。
My mother doesn't speak English. 我母親不會講英語。
I wasn't ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+was/were+not+形容詞+過去時間。
說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>不是…”。was,were 是 be 動詞的<過去式>,當句中出現(xiàn)以下<副詞>(<詞組>)時,<動詞>常用過去式:ago,before,yesterday(morning,afternoon,evening), last night,the other day,in the past,just now…。 在 was,were 后面加 not,即構(gòu)成 be <動詞>過去式的<否定句>;將 was,were 移到句首,w 改為大寫,句點改為問號,即構(gòu)成 be <動詞>過去式的<疑問句>.
Tom was not busy yesterday. 湯姆昨天不忙。
We were not at home yesterday. 我們昨天不在家。
It was not hot yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午天氣不熱。
The boys were sick yesterday. 這些男孩昨天生病。
It was cold last winter. 去年冬天天氣寒冷。
Was your brother early to class yesterday morning? 你弟弟昨天早晨上課早到嗎?
I didn't + V ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+didn't+原形動詞+…過去時間。
說明︰本句型的肯定形式是:“<主詞>+過去式(+ed)+…過去時間”;將肯定句中的過去式改為“did not(=didn't)+原形<動詞>”,即構(gòu)成過去式的<否定句>.
He didn't clean the room yesterday. 他昨天沒打掃房間。
She washed the skirt yesterday. 她昨天洗這裙子。
Tom didn't watch TV last night. 湯姆昨晚沒看電視。
He talked to his sister after lunch. 午餐后,他跟他的妹妹談話。
They didn't cook lunch for their grandfather yesterday.他們昨天沒有為他們的祖父做午飯。
Mary cleaned the room this morning. 瑪麗今天早晨打掃了房間。
John didn't get up early this morning. 約翰今天早晨沒有早起床。
Tom didn't iron his shirt yesterday. 湯姆昨天沒有熨襯衣。
My mother didn't water the garden last week. 我母親上星期沒有給花園里澆水。
I have not + V-ed ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+have/has+not+過去分詞+…。
說明︰在<助動詞> have(has)的后面加“not”形成<現(xiàn)在完成式>的否定式。
I have not heard from John for a long time. 我好久沒有收到約翰的來信了。
She has not read today's newspaper. 她還沒有看今天的報紙。
They have not seen that movie on television. 他們還沒看過電視上的那部影片。
There is no + N/V-ing ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰There+be+no/not a/not any+名詞/動名詞(+副詞)
說明︰這是表示存在的<否定句>型。否定詞用 no,也可用 not a 或 not any.not a 后面跟單數(shù)<名詞>;not any 跟復數(shù)<名詞>;no 后面的<名詞>單復數(shù)都可以。其中以 not a 所表示的否定<語氣>較強。如果帶有各種<副詞>,通常是地點<副詞>置于<時間副詞>的前面。
There was nothing to buy in the store. There were no shirts, no vests, no jeans, and no pajamas. 那家商店里沒什么可買的。那里沒有襯衫,沒有背心,沒有牛仔褲,也沒有睡衣。
There was not a moment to be lost. 分秒必爭。
There is no denying the fact. 事實決不能否認。
(There must be) No talking in here! 這兒不許講話。
No smoking (within these walls)! (場內(nèi))禁煙!