有人說,東方人崇尚“勞心”,西方人崇尚“勞力”。這種說法的準(zhǔn)確性且不討論。我倒是覺得許多美國(guó)人的確喜歡鼓搗東西。不少人家里都有一個(gè)小車間、小木工房等。這種習(xí)慣在語言中也有所表現(xiàn)。比如,nuts andb olts(螺帽螺栓)就常被用來表示“具體細(xì)節(jié),基本的東西;起碼的組成部分”。我們常聽到這樣的說法:1.The leadership often sets up lofty goals without specifying the nuts and bolts of how they are to be achieved.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層常提出宏偉的目標(biāo),但沒有指出如何達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)的具體細(xì)節(jié)。2.In class I can only address some theoretical issues.This afternoon in the lab we'll deal with the nuts and bolts.課上我只講些理論問題。具體細(xì)節(jié)下午到實(shí)驗(yàn)室再說。
同樣,還有一些來源于勞動(dòng)生活的詞,比如,hammer,chisel等,也常常出現(xiàn)在日常用語里。Hammer是榔頭、錘子的意思,它的動(dòng)詞形式(用榔頭敲)和名詞形式一樣。Hammer經(jīng)常用來形容“反復(fù)推敲,通過不懈努力制作”,比如1.After much consideration,the committee hammered out a restoration plan.經(jīng)過慎重考慮,委員會(huì)通過努力制定出一個(gè)重建方案。2.Finally they were able to hammer out a peace agreement.后他們通過努力終于搞出了一個(gè)和平協(xié)議。
當(dāng)然,如果說某人“遭到榔頭敲打”,意思就是這個(gè)人受到批評(píng)或責(zé)難。例如:She was hammered pretty hard in her last evaluation.上次考評(píng)時(shí),她受到不少批評(píng)。
Chisel是鑿子的意思。跟hammer一樣,也可直接當(dāng)動(dòng)詞,表示“一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)完成”。例如:Though Mr.Xiao knew translating Ulysses is a bigproject,he believed with determination that he could get it done by chiseling away at it.蕭先生知道翻譯《尤里西斯》是個(gè)大工程,但他認(rèn)為,只要有恒心,他一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)攻克,一定能完成。
同樣,還有一些來源于勞動(dòng)生活的詞,比如,hammer,chisel等,也常常出現(xiàn)在日常用語里。Hammer是榔頭、錘子的意思,它的動(dòng)詞形式(用榔頭敲)和名詞形式一樣。Hammer經(jīng)常用來形容“反復(fù)推敲,通過不懈努力制作”,比如1.After much consideration,the committee hammered out a restoration plan.經(jīng)過慎重考慮,委員會(huì)通過努力制定出一個(gè)重建方案。2.Finally they were able to hammer out a peace agreement.后他們通過努力終于搞出了一個(gè)和平協(xié)議。
當(dāng)然,如果說某人“遭到榔頭敲打”,意思就是這個(gè)人受到批評(píng)或責(zé)難。例如:She was hammered pretty hard in her last evaluation.上次考評(píng)時(shí),她受到不少批評(píng)。
Chisel是鑿子的意思。跟hammer一樣,也可直接當(dāng)動(dòng)詞,表示“一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)完成”。例如:Though Mr.Xiao knew translating Ulysses is a bigproject,he believed with determination that he could get it done by chiseling away at it.蕭先生知道翻譯《尤里西斯》是個(gè)大工程,但他認(rèn)為,只要有恒心,他一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)攻克,一定能完成。