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        四級考試中的V-ing 形式 - 四級語法

        字號:

        ??本文收集了1989~2001年大學(xué)英語四級考試試卷中V-ing用法的考題共20題,對V-ing的語法作用進行歸類性分析。V-ing形式包括傳統(tǒng)語法所指"現(xiàn)在分詞"和"動名詞"兩種結(jié)構(gòu),在句中可用作主語、狀語、定語、賓語和補足語等成分。文章著重分析了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語、賓語補足語、后置定語以及取代從句的用法,并對動名詞的用法也作了分析。
            ??V-ing形式包括傳統(tǒng)語法所指"現(xiàn)在分詞"和"動名詞"兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。V-ing現(xiàn)在分詞由動詞原形+ing構(gòu)成,有完成體和被動態(tài),但不體現(xiàn)動作或過程的時間關(guān)系,它的時間關(guān)系要借助于主句動詞的"時"的形式來表示,除去動詞be和have以外,其他助動詞(包括所有情態(tài)助動詞)都沒有V-ing分詞形式。主動詞,不論是及物動詞還是不及物動詞,動態(tài)動詞還是狀態(tài)動詞,都能構(gòu)成V-ing形式。
            ??一、V-ing用作現(xiàn)在分詞
            ??1、V-ing分詞短語不僅可以用作形容詞,對名詞提供更多的情況,而且還可以用來進一步說明動詞的動作或整個句子所表達的概念。這樣使用時,它們與副詞相似。
            ??The computer works fast _____ data at the speed of light.(1993.1/43)
            ??A)have handled
            ??B)handling
            ??C)handled
            ??D)handles
            ??答案B)。計算機工作速度快,以光的速度處理數(shù)據(jù)。
            ??2、正常情況下,V-ing分詞短語的主語和主句的主語是一致的。當(dāng)V-ing分詞短語作狀語時,其邏輯主語通常是主句的主語。
            ??This program will examine the writer's books in detail, _____ an introduction to her?life.(1994.1/45)
            ??A)following
            ??B)being followed
            ??C)having followed
            ??D)to be followed
            ??答案A)。
            ??3、有時V-ing分詞短語可以帶有連詞。帶連詞的V-ing分詞短語的邏輯主語通常是主句的主語,也可以從上下文判定。分詞短語可以用在after,before,since,when,while, whether,once,until,on和as等詞的后面。
            Having no money but _____?to know,he simply said he would go without dinner.(1993. 6/47)
            ??A)not want anyone
            ??B)not wanting anyone
            ??C)wanted no one
            ??D)to want no one
            ??答案B)。他沒有錢而又不愿意讓人知道,所以干脆說不想吃晚飯就走了。
            ??While?_____ the sun,the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.(1994.1/58)
            ??A)having orbited
            ??B)being orbited
            ??C)having been orbited
            ??D)orbiting
            ??答案D)。當(dāng)這顆衛(wèi)星沿軌道繞太陽運行時,向地球發(fā)回了40多億條信息。
            ??4、V-ing分詞短語用作賓語補足語:
            ??分詞和分詞短語可以用在表示感覺的動詞(像see,hear,feel,watch,notice,smell)以及其他某些動詞(例如find,get,have)的賓語后面,起到"賓語補足語"的作用。
            ??His remarks left me _____?about his real purpose.(1999.6/45)
            ??A)wondered
            ??B)wonder
            ??C)to wonder
            ??D)wondering
            ??答案D)。他的一番話使我一直在琢磨他真正的意圖。
            ??5、V-ing分詞可以取代從句:
            ??現(xiàn)在分詞可以代替as,since,because +主語+動詞,即可用它來幫助解釋后繼的行為。
            _____ the earth to be flat,many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.(1996.6/22)
            ??A)Having believed
            ??B)Believing
            ??C)Believed
            ??D)Being believed
            ??答案B)。許多人認(rèn)為地球是平的,所以擔(dān)心哥倫布會從地球的邊緣掉下去。
            ??6、在另一些情況下,V-ing分詞短語可能有自己的主語:
            ??Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper?_____ it closely.(1989.1/54)
            ??A)followed
            ??B)following
            ??C)to follow
            ??D)being followed
            ??答案B)。銀是的導(dǎo)電體,其次是銅。
            ??So many directors?_____ ,the board meeting had to be put off.(2001.1/58)
            ??A)were absent
            ??B)been absent
            ??C)had been absent
            ??D)being absent
            ??答案D)。許多董事沒有到場,所以董事會不得不延期舉行。
            _____ ,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.(1997.6/56)
            ??A)Other things being equal
            ??B)Were other things equal be
            ??C)To be equal to other things
            ??D)Other things to be equal
            ??答案A)。在其他相同的各種條件下,一個善于表達自己的人要比一個不善言談的人較快地獲得成功。
            ??7.V-ing分詞短語位于名詞或代詞之后,作后置定語。
            ??As early as 1647,Ohio made decision that free,tax-supported schools must be established in every town?_____ 50 household or more.(1998,1/36)
            ??A)having
            ??B)to have
            ??C)to have had
            ??D)having had
            ??答案A)。早在1647年Ohio就做出決定,在每個有50戶以上居民的城鎮(zhèn)中必須建立免費的、由財政支持的學(xué)校。
            ??If I correct someone,I will do it with as much as good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one?_____ .(1996.6/28)
            ??A)to correct
            ??B)correcting
            ??C)having corrected
            ??D)being corrected
            ??答案D)。批評、糾正別人時,我會采取禮貌克制的態(tài)度,就像被批評的人是自己一樣。
            ??This crop has similar qualities to the previous one _____?both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.(1999.6/57)
            ??A)being
            ??B)been
            ??C)to be
            ??D)having been
            ??答案A)。這種作物與前一種都有相似的特性,具有抗風(fēng)吹和適應(yīng)同類土壤的特性。
            ??8、V-ing分詞短語的完成式強調(diào)其行為動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前。
            _____ in a seemingly endless war,the general was forced to evaluate the situation again.(1993.1/59)
            ??A)Since the loss of 50,000soldiers
            ??B)Because of 50,000soldiers having lost
            ??C)Having lost over 50,000soldiers
            ??D)50,000soldiers were lost
            ??答案C)。在一場看不到盡頭的戰(zhàn)爭中喪失了50,000名士兵后,這位將軍不得不重新估計形勢。
            ??All flights?_____ because of the snowstorm,many passengers could do nothing but take the train.(1999.1/51)
            ??A)had been canceled
            ??B)have been canceled
            ??C)were canceled
            ??D)having been canceled
            ??答案D)。由于暴風(fēng)雪,所有的航班都被取消,許多乘客別無選擇只好乘火車。
            ??二、V-ing用作動名詞
            ??1、V-ing動名詞位于某些特定的動詞之后,例如:admit,suggest,enjoy,anticipate,ap- preciate,excuse,avoid,deny,dislike,dread等。
            ??My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate?_____ hear from you sometime.(1993.1/66)
            ??A)being
            ??B)been
            ??C)to be
            ??D)having been
            ??答案D)。我的妻子在信中說:她很樂于在什么時候收到你的信。
            ??2、V-ing動名詞位于動詞appreciate之后,要求在V-ing之前帶上一個物主形容詞。
            I would appreciate?_____ it a secret.(2001.1/45)
            ??A)your keeping
            ??B)you to keep
            ??C)that you keep
            ??D)that you will keep
            ??答案A)。要是你能保守秘密,我將十分感謝。
            ??3、V-ing動名詞位于動詞deny之后常選用完成式。
            ??That young man still denies?_____ the fire behind the store.(2001.1/45)
            ??A)start
            ??B)to start
            ??C)having started
            ??D)to having started
            ??答案C)。那位年輕人仍然否認(rèn)他在商店后面縱火。
            ??4、V-ing動名詞位于某些謂語動詞+介詞/副詞的組合之后。
            ??The man in the corner confessed to?_____ a lie to the manager of the company.(1997.6/ 58)
            ??A)have told
            ??B)be told
            ??C)being told
            ??D)having told
            ??答案D)。角落里的那個人承認(rèn)自己對公司經(jīng)理撒了謊。
            ??I have no objection?_____ your story again.(2000.6/27)
            ??A)to hear
            ??B)to hearing
            ??C)to having
            ??D)to have heard
            ??答案B)。我不反對再聽一遍你的故事。
            ??5、V-ing動名詞用在當(dāng)forget用否定式時,常常用在will never forget之后。
            ??I will never forget?_____ you for the first time.(2001.1/43)
            ??A)to meet
            ??B)meeting
            ??C)to have meet
            ??D)having to be met
            ??答案B)。我將永遠不會忘記我們的初次見面。