??內(nèi)容提要
????動詞不定式是一種非限定性動詞，由to＋動詞原形構成，但它還是屬于動詞，所以它本身可以帶賓語和狀語。動詞不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語，還可用在復合結構中，而且有完成式、進行式、完成進行式和否定形式。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進行式。動詞不定式的特殊情況也要掌握。
??
????I 動詞不定式的構成與形式
????
????一、動詞不定式的概念：動詞不定式指由to 加上動詞原形(而且只能是動詞原形)所構成的一種非限定性動詞，但在有些情況下to可以省略。動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語1) 、賓語2)、表語3)、定語4) 和狀語5)
??
????1) education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement，___ skillfulness，and upward mobility.
????［A］ To acquire????????? ［B］ Acquire
????［C］ Acquires?????? ????［D］ Have acquired
??
????2) We are planning for the entrance examination?____ for postgraduate.
????［A］ registering??????? ［B］ register
????［C］ to register ???????［D］ registered
??
????3) The most urgent problem now we are facing is to learn the needed materials ___for the matriculation of postgraduate.
????［A］ make our every effort?? ??［B］ to make our every effort
????［C］ to our every effort????? ［D］ made our efforts
??
????4) -Where should I send my application?
????? -The Personnel Office is the place it to?___.
????［A］ sends??? ???［B］ be sended
????［C］ to be sended ?? ［D］ to send
??
????5) ___?from others, one should take his promise.
????［A］ To get confidence ?????［B］ To getting confidence
????［C］ To get confidences???? ?［D］ Getting to the confidence
??
????說明：以上五句中的斜體是其動詞不定式的附屬部分。
??
????二、動詞不定式的構成與形式： 動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分，但它畢竟是動詞，所以有動詞的屬性。
??
??動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語［2)和4)中的斜體部分］和狀語［5)中的斜體部分］。雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語，但它表達的意義是動作，這一動作一定由使動者發(fā)出。這一使動者我們稱之為 邏輯主語 。考研題中，語法中所考動詞不定式部分包括檢測考生是否掌握動詞不定式與其邏輯主語之間的一致，其中主要包括它們之間 主動和被動 的關系以及 它們在時間上的一致 ，同時動詞不定式還有其否定形式。所有這些涉及到動詞不定式的各種形式?，F(xiàn)以動詞make為例，其形式如下：
??
?? 主動形式 被動形式
??一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made
??完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made
??進行式 (not) to be making
??完成進行式 (not) to have been making
??
????6) Some ［A］ types of naphtha(石油腦) are employed to dissolving ［B］ rubber ［C］ and to thin paints and ［D］ varnish.
??
??
????7) The Statue of Liberty was originally ［A］ proposed ［B］ in 1865 to commemoration ［C］ the alliance ［D］ of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution.
??
????8) The purpose ［A］ of inductive logic ［B］ is to inferring ［C］ general laws from particular occurrences ［D］ .
??
????三、例題解析
??
????1) A為正確答案。
??
????2) C為正確答案。
??
????3) B為正確答案。
??
????4) D為正確答案。
??
????5) A為正確答案。
??
????6) B錯。改用動詞原形"dissolve"，不定式符號"to"后只能出現(xiàn)動詞原形。
??
????7) C錯。改為"commemorate"。
??
????8) C錯。改為"to infer"，注意句子的主語為"purpose"(目的) 。
??
????II 動詞不定式的用法
??
????一、 不定式結構作主語
??
????1. 不定式前置
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????1) Derive ［A］ mineral resources from ［B］ sedimentary rock ［C］ is a ［D］ major modern industrial activity.
??
????2) ___?in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is realy a hard nut.
????［A］ To make high scores????［B］ To make low goal
????［C］ To the high scores???? ［D］ Make the low goals
??
????2. 上述形式一般情況不多見，作為考試的規(guī)范英語，如果不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞"it"作形式主語(形式主語"it"不能由"that"或"this"等其他代詞代替)，而將不定式放到后面
??
????It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.
??
????3) John admitted that it''s always difficult___ .
????［A］ for him being on time???? ［B］ being on time for him
????［C］ for him to be on time???? ［D］ on time for him
??
????4) It is difficult for me ［A］ to be concentrating ［B］ while someone ［C］ is using ［D］ a vacuum cleaner.
??
????3. 不定式后置的情況不僅限于動詞是系動詞，也適用于其他動詞
??
????It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task.
??
????It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.
??
????4. 不定式結構所表示的動作是誰做的，即不定式的邏輯主語，通?？梢栽谔囟ǖ纳舷挛闹心芸闯?，也可以通過帶"for ＋名詞短語"辨出
??
????It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review(總復習).
??
????It is not difficult for those who study maths well to pass the exam.
??
????5. 在某些形容詞(如careless,clever,considerate, foolish, good, impolite, kind, naughty, nice, silly, stupid等)作表語時，不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語
??
????It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.
??間或也可用for ＋ there to be 表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
??
????It''s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.
??
????二、 不定式作賓語
??
????不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式；另一種是"動詞＋疑問詞＋帶to的不定式"
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????1. 動詞＋帶to的不定式結構
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????只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, believe, care, claim, decide, decline(拒絕), demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean(想要), offer(表示愿意做…), pretend, promise, refuse, seek(試圖), swear, undertake, wish(想要)等。
??
????5) We refuse___ that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults(銀行保管庫) of this nation.
????［A］ to believe ?????［B］ to be belived
????［C］ beliving?????? ［D］ have belived
??
????6) The green turtle has been known over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site.
????［A］ in the navigating????? ［B］ the navigation
????［C］ to navigate ????????［D］ navigation
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????7) For the ［A］ first time Venusian scientists managed landing ［B］ a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending ［C］ back signals as well as ［D］ photographs ever since.
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????8) The day is past when Chinese universities and colleges to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction, regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned.
????［A］ afforded?????? ［B］ affording
????［C］ to afford??????［D］ can afford
??
????從上例我們可以看出afford一般與can和can''t或could和couldn''t連用。
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????2. 動詞＋疑問代(副)詞＋不定式
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????這類動詞常見的有：advise,decide, discuss, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, regard, remember, see, settle, teach, tell, think(=consider), understand, wonder等。這些疑問代(副)詞有what, when, where, which, how, whether等，但不包括why，如：
??
??
??
?? He does not know how to go there
?? when to speak before strangers.
?? who(m) to visit.
?? which one to choose.
??
??
?? You can decide whether to go forward or stay here.
?? when to see a doctor.
??
??
?? I will show you what to do.
?? where to go.
?? how to deal with it.
??
????其中，1)和2)中不定式的邏輯主語仍是句子的主語，分別為He和You；而3)中不定式的邏輯主語則不是句子的主語I，而是賓語you。
??
????9) The director of this organization must know ___.
????［A］ to manage money, sell his product and beable to satisfy stockholders
????［B］ managing money, selling, and be able to satisfy the stockholders
????［C］ how to manage money, sell his product, and satisfy the stockholders
????［D］ money management, selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders
??
????10) To tell you the truth, I really don't know how ___deal with a man like him.
????［A］ can I????? ［B］ well
????［C］ to???????［D］ much
??
????3. 有時，不定式跟作主語時一樣，可由it來代替，而把不定式放到后面去
????
???? He makes it a rule to take a walk before breakfast.
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????I think it interesting to play football while it is snowing hard.
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????We find it difficult to get everything ready before the time you require.
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????She cosiders it important to make friends with them.
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????I don''t think it necessary to argue with them on this problem.
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????4. 有時THERE和TO BE連用表示"有"或"存在(某情況)"等
??
????It is impossible for there to be any more.
??
????Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem?
??
????I expect there to be no argument about this?
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????有時在個別的介詞后可用"疑問詞＋不定式結構"作其賓語
??
????He has his own decision of how to do it.
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????三、 不定式作表語
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????1. 一種情況為主語是不定式(表示條件)，表語也是不定式(表示結果)
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????To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living.
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????2. 另一種情況主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導的名詞性從句，不定式表語對主語起補充說明作用
????His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss''s plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.
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????11) The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing ［A］ large uninterrupted floor areas ［B］ and to allow ample light ［C］ into the interior ［D］ .
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????12) The most important ［A］ thing is negociate ［B］ with them about ［C］ the future of ［D］ the plant.
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????四、 不定式作定語
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????1. 不定式作定語修飾名詞或代詞，它只能放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。這時被修飾的名詞與不定式之間有邏輯上的主謂關系
??
????13) The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
????［A］ to bring????? ［B］ bringing
????［C］ is brought???? ［D］ brings
??
????14) Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz?blues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.
????［A］ be giving?????? ［B］ are given
????［C］ being given????? ［D］ to give
??
????另外，有些詞的不定式定語有主謂關系，如除了上述例句以外，還有些詞常跟不定式作定語。這些詞主要有decision (to make), (a) need (to eat), opportunity (to speak),reason(to learn a foreing language), time (to sth)等。
??
????2. 動詞不定式作定語往往有一層動賓關系，即所修飾的名詞是不定式的賓語
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????15) Alice was having ［A］ trouble to control ［B］ the children because there were ［C］ so many ［D］ of them.
??
????16) There are so many reference books for matriculation of postgraduate and I haven''t decided which book?___ .
????［A］ to buy????? ［B］ buy
????［C］to be buying???［D］ buying
??
????17) Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one .
????［A］ to do … to talk????? ［B］ doing … to talk to
????［C］ to do … to talk to????［D］ doing… to talk
??
????3. 因為不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式的賓語，所以如果不定式動詞是不及物動詞，那么就要在動詞后加上相應的介詞
??
????He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to.
??
????18) Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair?___ .
????［A］ to sit?????［B］ for to sit on
????［C］ to sit on?? ?［D］ for sitting
??
????4. 一些表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意義的名詞后面要求接不定式作其定語，如：ability, attempt, effort等
??
????19) During ［A］ the 19th century scientists found ［B］ that when certain parts of the brain were damaged ［C］ men lost the ability doing ［D］ certain things.
??
????20) What is new, however, is the scientific attempt whether other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations.
????［A］ discover????? ［B］ discovers
????［C］ discovering????［D］ to discover
??
????21) Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort___ her?
????［A］ please ??????［B］ pleased
????［C］ to please?????［D］ having pleased
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????五、不定式作狀語
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????注意作狀語的動詞不定式要與其邏輯主語在意義上和數(shù)上的一致。
??
????1. 表示目的
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????22) ___its plans to promote disarmaments，the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader.
????［A］Although?????? ［B］To carry out
????［C］Except that?????［D］ Make
??
????23) ___?pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then smelted，and finally refined.
????［A］ Obtaining?????? ［B］ Being obtained
????［C］ To obtain?????? ［D］ It is obtained
??
????24) When they met，___?Leonardo and his enemy were fighting .
????［A］killed each other
????［B］killing each other
????［C］to be killed each other
????［D］to kill each other
??
????2. 表示結果，在這種情況下，不定式的邏輯主語也是全句的主語
??
????He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didn''t sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What have I done for you to deserve such an amount of money?
??
????還有固定搭配的不定式表示結果：so…as to; such(…) as to …; enough to…; too…to…; in order to … 等
??
????We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests./ Is that room big enough to seat all of us?/ He is too young to fit that job.
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??3. 表示原因
??
????It''s very kind of you to say so. / I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. / I''m sorry to interrupt you. / They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.
????動詞不定式是一種非限定性動詞，由to＋動詞原形構成，但它還是屬于動詞，所以它本身可以帶賓語和狀語。動詞不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語，還可用在復合結構中，而且有完成式、進行式、完成進行式和否定形式。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進行式。動詞不定式的特殊情況也要掌握。
??
????I 動詞不定式的構成與形式
????
????一、動詞不定式的概念：動詞不定式指由to 加上動詞原形(而且只能是動詞原形)所構成的一種非限定性動詞，但在有些情況下to可以省略。動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語1) 、賓語2)、表語3)、定語4) 和狀語5)
??
????1) education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement，___ skillfulness，and upward mobility.
????［A］ To acquire????????? ［B］ Acquire
????［C］ Acquires?????? ????［D］ Have acquired
??
????2) We are planning for the entrance examination?____ for postgraduate.
????［A］ registering??????? ［B］ register
????［C］ to register ???????［D］ registered
??
????3) The most urgent problem now we are facing is to learn the needed materials ___for the matriculation of postgraduate.
????［A］ make our every effort?? ??［B］ to make our every effort
????［C］ to our every effort????? ［D］ made our efforts
??
????4) -Where should I send my application?
????? -The Personnel Office is the place it to?___.
????［A］ sends??? ???［B］ be sended
????［C］ to be sended ?? ［D］ to send
??
????5) ___?from others, one should take his promise.
????［A］ To get confidence ?????［B］ To getting confidence
????［C］ To get confidences???? ?［D］ Getting to the confidence
??
????說明：以上五句中的斜體是其動詞不定式的附屬部分。
??
????二、動詞不定式的構成與形式： 動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分，但它畢竟是動詞，所以有動詞的屬性。
??
??動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語［2)和4)中的斜體部分］和狀語［5)中的斜體部分］。雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語，但它表達的意義是動作，這一動作一定由使動者發(fā)出。這一使動者我們稱之為 邏輯主語 。考研題中，語法中所考動詞不定式部分包括檢測考生是否掌握動詞不定式與其邏輯主語之間的一致，其中主要包括它們之間 主動和被動 的關系以及 它們在時間上的一致 ，同時動詞不定式還有其否定形式。所有這些涉及到動詞不定式的各種形式?，F(xiàn)以動詞make為例，其形式如下：
??
?? 主動形式 被動形式
??一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made
??完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made
??進行式 (not) to be making
??完成進行式 (not) to have been making
??
????6) Some ［A］ types of naphtha(石油腦) are employed to dissolving ［B］ rubber ［C］ and to thin paints and ［D］ varnish.
??
??
????7) The Statue of Liberty was originally ［A］ proposed ［B］ in 1865 to commemoration ［C］ the alliance ［D］ of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution.
??
????8) The purpose ［A］ of inductive logic ［B］ is to inferring ［C］ general laws from particular occurrences ［D］ .
??
????三、例題解析
??
????1) A為正確答案。
??
????2) C為正確答案。
??
????3) B為正確答案。
??
????4) D為正確答案。
??
????5) A為正確答案。
??
????6) B錯。改用動詞原形"dissolve"，不定式符號"to"后只能出現(xiàn)動詞原形。
??
????7) C錯。改為"commemorate"。
??
????8) C錯。改為"to infer"，注意句子的主語為"purpose"(目的) 。
??
????II 動詞不定式的用法
??
????一、 不定式結構作主語
??
????1. 不定式前置
??
????1) Derive ［A］ mineral resources from ［B］ sedimentary rock ［C］ is a ［D］ major modern industrial activity.
??
????2) ___?in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is realy a hard nut.
????［A］ To make high scores????［B］ To make low goal
????［C］ To the high scores???? ［D］ Make the low goals
??
????2. 上述形式一般情況不多見，作為考試的規(guī)范英語，如果不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞"it"作形式主語(形式主語"it"不能由"that"或"this"等其他代詞代替)，而將不定式放到后面
??
????It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.
??
????3) John admitted that it''s always difficult___ .
????［A］ for him being on time???? ［B］ being on time for him
????［C］ for him to be on time???? ［D］ on time for him
??
????4) It is difficult for me ［A］ to be concentrating ［B］ while someone ［C］ is using ［D］ a vacuum cleaner.
??
????3. 不定式后置的情況不僅限于動詞是系動詞，也適用于其他動詞
??
????It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task.
??
????It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.
??
????4. 不定式結構所表示的動作是誰做的，即不定式的邏輯主語，通?？梢栽谔囟ǖ纳舷挛闹心芸闯?，也可以通過帶"for ＋名詞短語"辨出
??
????It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review(總復習).
??
????It is not difficult for those who study maths well to pass the exam.
??
????5. 在某些形容詞(如careless,clever,considerate, foolish, good, impolite, kind, naughty, nice, silly, stupid等)作表語時，不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語
??
????It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.
??間或也可用for ＋ there to be 表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
??
????It''s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.
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????二、 不定式作賓語
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????不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式；另一種是"動詞＋疑問詞＋帶to的不定式"
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????1. 動詞＋帶to的不定式結構
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????只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, believe, care, claim, decide, decline(拒絕), demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean(想要), offer(表示愿意做…), pretend, promise, refuse, seek(試圖), swear, undertake, wish(想要)等。
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????5) We refuse___ that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults(銀行保管庫) of this nation.
????［A］ to believe ?????［B］ to be belived
????［C］ beliving?????? ［D］ have belived
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????6) The green turtle has been known over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site.
????［A］ in the navigating????? ［B］ the navigation
????［C］ to navigate ????????［D］ navigation
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????7) For the ［A］ first time Venusian scientists managed landing ［B］ a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending ［C］ back signals as well as ［D］ photographs ever since.
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????8) The day is past when Chinese universities and colleges to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction, regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned.
????［A］ afforded?????? ［B］ affording
????［C］ to afford??????［D］ can afford
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????從上例我們可以看出afford一般與can和can''t或could和couldn''t連用。
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????2. 動詞＋疑問代(副)詞＋不定式
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????這類動詞常見的有：advise,decide, discuss, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, regard, remember, see, settle, teach, tell, think(=consider), understand, wonder等。這些疑問代(副)詞有what, when, where, which, how, whether等，但不包括why，如：
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?? He does not know how to go there
?? when to speak before strangers.
?? who(m) to visit.
?? which one to choose.
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?? You can decide whether to go forward or stay here.
?? when to see a doctor.
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?? I will show you what to do.
?? where to go.
?? how to deal with it.
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????其中，1)和2)中不定式的邏輯主語仍是句子的主語，分別為He和You；而3)中不定式的邏輯主語則不是句子的主語I，而是賓語you。
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????9) The director of this organization must know ___.
????［A］ to manage money, sell his product and beable to satisfy stockholders
????［B］ managing money, selling, and be able to satisfy the stockholders
????［C］ how to manage money, sell his product, and satisfy the stockholders
????［D］ money management, selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders
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????10) To tell you the truth, I really don't know how ___deal with a man like him.
????［A］ can I????? ［B］ well
????［C］ to???????［D］ much
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????3. 有時，不定式跟作主語時一樣，可由it來代替，而把不定式放到后面去
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???? He makes it a rule to take a walk before breakfast.
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????I think it interesting to play football while it is snowing hard.
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????We find it difficult to get everything ready before the time you require.
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????She cosiders it important to make friends with them.
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????I don''t think it necessary to argue with them on this problem.
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????4. 有時THERE和TO BE連用表示"有"或"存在(某情況)"等
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????It is impossible for there to be any more.
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????Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem?
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????I expect there to be no argument about this?
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????有時在個別的介詞后可用"疑問詞＋不定式結構"作其賓語
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????He has his own decision of how to do it.
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????三、 不定式作表語
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????1. 一種情況為主語是不定式(表示條件)，表語也是不定式(表示結果)
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????To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living.
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????2. 另一種情況主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導的名詞性從句，不定式表語對主語起補充說明作用
????His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss''s plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.
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????11) The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing ［A］ large uninterrupted floor areas ［B］ and to allow ample light ［C］ into the interior ［D］ .
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????12) The most important ［A］ thing is negociate ［B］ with them about ［C］ the future of ［D］ the plant.
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????四、 不定式作定語
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????1. 不定式作定語修飾名詞或代詞，它只能放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。這時被修飾的名詞與不定式之間有邏輯上的主謂關系
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????13) The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
????［A］ to bring????? ［B］ bringing
????［C］ is brought???? ［D］ brings
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????14) Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz?blues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.
????［A］ be giving?????? ［B］ are given
????［C］ being given????? ［D］ to give
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????另外，有些詞的不定式定語有主謂關系，如除了上述例句以外，還有些詞常跟不定式作定語。這些詞主要有decision (to make), (a) need (to eat), opportunity (to speak),reason(to learn a foreing language), time (to sth)等。
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????2. 動詞不定式作定語往往有一層動賓關系，即所修飾的名詞是不定式的賓語
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????15) Alice was having ［A］ trouble to control ［B］ the children because there were ［C］ so many ［D］ of them.
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????16) There are so many reference books for matriculation of postgraduate and I haven''t decided which book?___ .
????［A］ to buy????? ［B］ buy
????［C］to be buying???［D］ buying
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????17) Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one .
????［A］ to do … to talk????? ［B］ doing … to talk to
????［C］ to do … to talk to????［D］ doing… to talk
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????3. 因為不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式的賓語，所以如果不定式動詞是不及物動詞，那么就要在動詞后加上相應的介詞
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????He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to.
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????18) Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair?___ .
????［A］ to sit?????［B］ for to sit on
????［C］ to sit on?? ?［D］ for sitting
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????4. 一些表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意義的名詞后面要求接不定式作其定語，如：ability, attempt, effort等
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????19) During ［A］ the 19th century scientists found ［B］ that when certain parts of the brain were damaged ［C］ men lost the ability doing ［D］ certain things.
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????20) What is new, however, is the scientific attempt whether other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations.
????［A］ discover????? ［B］ discovers
????［C］ discovering????［D］ to discover
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????21) Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort___ her?
????［A］ please ??????［B］ pleased
????［C］ to please?????［D］ having pleased
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????五、不定式作狀語
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????注意作狀語的動詞不定式要與其邏輯主語在意義上和數(shù)上的一致。
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????1. 表示目的
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????22) ___its plans to promote disarmaments，the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader.
????［A］Although?????? ［B］To carry out
????［C］Except that?????［D］ Make
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????23) ___?pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then smelted，and finally refined.
????［A］ Obtaining?????? ［B］ Being obtained
????［C］ To obtain?????? ［D］ It is obtained
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????24) When they met，___?Leonardo and his enemy were fighting .
????［A］killed each other
????［B］killing each other
????［C］to be killed each other
????［D］to kill each other
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????2. 表示結果，在這種情況下，不定式的邏輯主語也是全句的主語
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????He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didn''t sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What have I done for you to deserve such an amount of money?
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????還有固定搭配的不定式表示結果：so…as to; such(…) as to …; enough to…; too…to…; in order to … 等
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????We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests./ Is that room big enough to seat all of us?/ He is too young to fit that job.
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??3. 表示原因
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????It''s very kind of you to say so. / I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. / I''m sorry to interrupt you. / They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.