三種集合類來收集cocoa對象(NSObject對象)：
NSArray 用于對象有序集合(相當于是數(shù)組)
NSSet 用于對象無序集合
NSDictionary用于鍵值映射
以上三種集合類是不可變的(一旦初始化后，就不能改變)
以下是對應的三種可變集合類(這三種可變集合類是對應上面三種集合類的子類)：
NSMutableArray
NSMutableSet
NSMutableDictionary
注：這些集合類只能收集cocoa對象(NSOjbect對象)，如果想保存一些原始的C數(shù)據(jù)(例如，int, float, double, BOOL等)，則需要將這些原始的C數(shù)據(jù)封裝成NSNumber類型的，NSNumber對象是cocoa對象，可以被保存在集合類中。
NSArray
Ordered collection of objects. Immutable. You cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created.
Important methods:
+ (id)arrayWithObjects:(id)firstObject, ...; // nil terminated
- (int)count;
- (id)objectAtIndex:(int)index; // NSString *s1=[[myarray objectAtIndex: 0];
- (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;
- (NSArray *)sortedArrayUsingSelector:(SEL)aSelector;
- (id)lastObject; // returns nil if there are no objects in the array (convenient)
注：
類方法arrayWithObjects 可以創(chuàng)建an autoreleased NSArray of the items.例如
@implementation MyObject
- (NSArray *)coolCats {
return [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@“Steve”, @“Ankush”, @“Sean”, nil];
}
@end
Other convenient create with methods (all return autoreleased objects):
[NSString stringWithFormat:@“Meaning of %@ is %d”, @“l(fā)ife”, 42];
[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:ankush, @“TA”, janestudent, @“Student”, nil];
[NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path];
-----創(chuàng)建數(shù)組 -----
//NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];
self.dataArray = array;
[array release];
//- (unsigned) Count;數(shù)組所包含對象個數(shù);
NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound:%d",[self.dataArray count]);
//- (id) objectAtIndex: (unsigned int) index;獲取指定索引處的對象;
NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound 2:%@",[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);
------ 從一個數(shù)組拷貝數(shù)據(jù)到另一數(shù)組(可變數(shù)級) -------
//arrayWithArray:
//NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];
NSMutableArray *MutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
MutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",MutableArray);
array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);
//Copy
//id obj;
NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++)
{
obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];
[newArray addObject: obj];
}
//
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];
//快速枚舉
//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
for(id obj in oldArray)
{
[newArray addObject: obj];
}
//
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];
//Deep copy
//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];
//Copy and sort
//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
NSMutableArray
Mutable version of NSArray.
- (void)addObject:(id)anObject;
- (void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(int)index;
- (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(int)index;
- (void)removeAllObjects;
-----給數(shù)組分配容量-----
//NSArray *array;
array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];
-----在數(shù)組末尾添加對象-----
//- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
[array addObject:@"Four"];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
-----刪除數(shù)組中指定索引處對象-----
//-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
[array removeObjectAtIndex:1];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
----- 數(shù)組枚舉-----
//1、- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator; //從前向后
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
NSEnumerator *enumerator;
enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];
id thingie;
while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);
}
//2、- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator; //從后向前
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
NSEnumerator *enumerator;
enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];
id object;
while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
}
//3、快速枚舉
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
for(NSString *string in array)
{
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
}
----- NSValue(對任何對象進行包裝)-----
//將NSRect放入NSArray中
NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSValue *value;
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);
value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];
[array addObject:value];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
//從Array中 提取
value = [array objectAtIndex:0];
[value getValue:&rect];
NSLog(@"value:%@",value);
----★使用NSMutableArray要防止內(nèi)存泄露★------
NSObject* p1 = [[NSObject alloc] init];
NSObject* p2 = [[NSObject alloc] init];
NSMutableArray* objectsArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
[objectsArray addObject:p1];
NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);//輸出 2，也就是執(zhí)行追加對象后，對象的計數(shù)器也被加1
//[p1 release];
//NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);
//同樣做數(shù)組替換時
[objectsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:p2];
NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);//輸出 2，同樣也是2
NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);//輸出 1，對象p1仍然存在
//[p2 release];
//NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);
//執(zhí)行清空數(shù)組
[objectsArray removeAllObjects];
NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);//輸出 1，對象p2仍然存在
//[p2 release];
由此可知，每次執(zhí)行上面的數(shù)組操作后，要執(zhí)行對象release，如上面注釋中的語句，才能保證內(nèi)存不泄露。
NSSet
Unordered collection of objects.
Immutable. You cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created.
Important methods:
+ setWithObjects:(id)firstObj, ...; // nil terminated
- (int)count;
- (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject;
- (id)anyObject;
- (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;
- (id)member:(id)anObject; // uses isEqual: and returns a matching object (if any)
NSMutableSet
Mutable version of NSSet.
+ (NSMutableSet *)set;
- (void)addObject:(id)anObject;
- (void)removeObject:(id)anObject;
- (void)removeAllObjects;
- (void)unionSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;
- (void)minusSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;
- (void)intersectSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;
NSDictionary
key-value, key-value, ..... 一系列鍵值對。
key(鍵)在整個dictionary是唯一的，通過key可以查詢其對應的一個或多個value(值)。
Hash table. Look up objects using a key to get a value.
Immutable. You cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created.
Keys are objects which must implement. Keys are usually NSString objects.
- (NSUInteger)hash & - (BOOL)isEqual:(NSObject *)obj
Important methods:
+ dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: (id)firstObject, ...;
- (int)count;
- (id)objectForKey:(id)key;
- (NSArray *)allKeys;
- (NSArray *)allValues;
-----創(chuàng)建字典 -----
//- (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;
//NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"One",@"1",@"Two",@"2",@"Three",@"3",nil];
NSString *string = [dictionary objectForKey:@"One"];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
[dictionary release];
NSMutableDictionary
Mutable version of NSDictionary.
+ (NSMutableDictionary *)dictionary;
- (void)setObject:(id)anObject forKey:(id)key;
- (void)removeObjectForKey:(id)key;
- (void)removeAllObjects;
- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(NSDictionary *)otherDictionary;
-----創(chuàng)建可變字典 -----
//創(chuàng)建
NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
//添加字典
[dictionary setObject:@"One" forKey:@"1"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Two" forKey:@"2"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Three" forKey:@"3"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Four" forKey:@"4"];
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
//刪除指定的字典
[dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"3"];
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);