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        iphone中如何進(jìn)行多線程編程

        字號(hào):


            名單
            多線程在各種編程語(yǔ)言中都是難點(diǎn),很多語(yǔ)言中實(shí)現(xiàn)起來(lái)很麻煩,objective-c雖然源于c,但其多線程編程卻相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單,可以與java相媲美。這篇文章主要從線程創(chuàng)建與啟動(dòng)、線程的同步與鎖、線程的交互、線程池等等四個(gè)方面簡(jiǎn)單的講解一下iphone中的多線程編程。
            一、線程創(chuàng)建與啟動(dòng)
            線程創(chuàng)建主要有二種方式:
            - (id)init; // designated initializer
            - (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument;當(dāng)然,還有一種比較特殊,就是使用所謂的convenient method,這個(gè)方法可以直接生成一個(gè)線程并啟動(dòng)它,而且無(wú)需為線程的清理負(fù)責(zé)。這個(gè)方法的接口是:
            + (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)aSelector toTarget:(id)aTarget withObject:(id)anArgument前兩種方法創(chuàng)建后,需要手機(jī)啟動(dòng),啟動(dòng)的方法是:
            - (void)start;
            二、線程的同步與鎖
            要說(shuō)明線程的同步與鎖,最好的例子可能就是多個(gè)窗口同時(shí)售票的售票系統(tǒng)了。我們知道在java中,使用synchronized來(lái)同步,而iphone雖然沒(méi)有提供類似java下的synchronized關(guān)鍵字,但提供了NSCondition對(duì)象接口。查看NSCondition的接口說(shuō)明可以看出,NSCondition是iphone下的鎖對(duì)象,所以我們可以使用NSCondition實(shí)現(xiàn)iphone中的線程安全。這是來(lái)源于網(wǎng)上的一個(gè)例子:
            SellTicketsAppDelegate.h 文件
            // SellTicketsAppDelegate.h
            import
            @interface SellTicketsAppDelegate : NSObject {
            int tickets;
            int count;
            NSThread* ticketsThreadone;
            NSThread* ticketsThreadtwo;
            NSCondition* ticketsCondition;
            UIWindow *window;
            }
            @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
            @end
            SellTicketsAppDelegate.m 文件
            // SellTicketsAppDelegate.m
            import "SellTicketsAppDelegate.h"
            @implementation SellTicketsAppDelegate
            @synthesize window;
            - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
            tickets = 100;
            count = 0;
            // 鎖對(duì)象
            ticketCondition = [[NSCondition alloc] init];
            ticketsThreadone = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
            [ticketsThreadone setName:@"Thread-1"];
            [ticketsThreadone start];
            ticketsThreadtwo = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
            [ticketsThreadtwo setName:@"Thread-2"];
            [ticketsThreadtwo start];
            //[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
            // Override point for customization after application launch
            [window makeKeyAndVisible];
            }
            - (void)run{
            while (TRUE) {
            // 上鎖
            [ticketsCondition lock];
            if(tickets > 0){
            [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.5];
            count = 100 - tickets;
            NSLog(@"當(dāng)前票數(shù)是:%d,售出:%d,線程名:%@",tickets,count,[[NSThread currentThread] name]);
            tickets--;
            }else{
            break;
            }
            [ticketsCondition unlock];
            }
            }
            - (void)dealloc {
            [ticketsThreadone release];
            [ticketsThreadtwo release];
            [ticketsCondition release];
            [window release];
            [super dealloc];
            }
            @end
            三、線程的交互
            線程在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,可能需要與其它線程進(jìn)行通信,如在主線程中修改界面等等,可以使用如下接口:
            - (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait
            由于在本過(guò)程中,可能需要釋放一些資源,則需要使用NSAutoreleasePool來(lái)進(jìn)行管理,如:
            - (void)startTheBackgroundJob {
            NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
            // to do something in your thread job
            ...
            [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(makeMyProgressBarMoving) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
            [pool release];
            }
            如果你什么都不考慮,在線程函數(shù)內(nèi)調(diào)用 autorelease 、那么會(huì)出現(xiàn)下面的錯(cuò)誤:
            NSAutoReleaseNoPool(): Object 0x********* of class NSConreteData autoreleased with no pool in place ….
            四、關(guān)于線程池,大家可以查看NSOperation的相關(guān)資料