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        2014年英語(yǔ)專四考試詞匯語(yǔ)法題考前練兵(22)

        字號(hào):


            Test Twenty-Two
            近義詞辨析
            edge, border, rim, verge
            這組詞皆有“邊,邊緣”之意。
            edge
            通常指某物一邊的邊線、兩個(gè)平面的交界線以及各種界線,其引申含義表示兩個(gè)處于不同性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)之間的明顯界線,特指處在不利狀態(tài)下的邊緣。
            border
            意為“邊界,邊境,國(guó)境”,也可以指裝飾周邊的“邊”。
            rim
            意思是“邊,邊緣”,尤指圓形或近似圓形的物體的邊緣。
            verge
            特指道路、花壇等長(zhǎng)著草的“邊緣”。
            verge常用于on the verge of 這一固定搭配中。如:
            This is the north edge of the field.這是這塊地的北邊線。
            The plane flew across the border.飛機(jī)飛越了邊境。
            He wears a pair of spectacles with gold rims.他戴一副金絲邊眼鏡。
            She was on the verge of speaking out the secret.她差點(diǎn)兒把秘密說出來。
            brief, concise, condensed, short
            這組詞均含有“簡(jiǎn)明,簡(jiǎn)潔”的意思。
            brief和short
            同義,往往就時(shí)間、事件、寫作、說話而言,表示暫時(shí)的、簡(jiǎn)短的、簡(jiǎn)潔的。”
            concise
            指某人的言語(yǔ)或文體只用少量文字傳達(dá)了大量信息。
            condensed
            有“凝煉”之意,即被壓縮的。
            short
            是最普通的詞,既可指時(shí)間,也可指空間。
            如:
            I left him a brief note.我給他留了一個(gè)便條。
            Most of Bacon’s essays are concise.培根的多數(shù)小品文都很簡(jiǎn)潔。
            This news story is condensed.這篇新聞報(bào)道被壓縮了。
            His answer was short and to the point.他的回答簡(jiǎn)明扼要。
            全真模擬試題
            1. ?____? a fine day, we decided to go for a picnic.
            A. Having been B. Being C. What D. It being
            2. He came to know that the knowledge from books can be useful only ?______? it is linked with practice.
            A. as B. when C. while D. for
            3. ?____?, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser.
            A. Hard although a diamond is
            B. As a diamond is hard
            C. Hard as a diamond is
            D. How hard is a diamond
            4. Silk, printing, paper, the compass and powder originated in China, and ?____? introduction in the west had far?reaching effects.
            A. these B. their C. those D. its
            5. The problem is believed ?____? at the meeting two days ago.
            A. to have discussed
            B. to have been discussed
            C. being discussed
            D. having been discussed
            6. Ultrasonic sounds produce pulsed signals ?____? various defects in metal can be detected.
            A. for which B. of which
            C. as a result of which D. by means of which
            7. In computer programming, this model is ?____? to any of the others we have ever had.
            A. more superior B. the more superior
            C. the most superior D. superior
            8. The introduction of the coal pulverizing system in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant vastly reduces the time it took ?____?.
            A. to mill the coal B. milling the coal
            C. for milling the coal D. while milling the coal
            9. Some members suggested ?____? a party for the visitor, but the Chairman didn’t approve.
            A. to arrange B. arrange
            C. arranging D. to be arranging
            10. If the maid comes today, please have her ?____? my shirts.
            A. washed B. washing C. to wash D. wash
            11. ?____? racial problems have not been solved and full equality has not been attained yet, progress in these directions has been quite remarkable.
            A. Since B. Although C. Now that D. Before
            12. ?____? they are alarmed at the interference with the natural balance of the environment, and its possible consequences.
            A. All in all B. After all
            C. Above all D. In all
            13. Rumor ?____? it that the man has been nominated many times for the Nobel Prize.
            A. has B. spreads C. carries D. learns
            14. Just because I’m ?____? to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without giving me any respect.
            A. redundant B. versatile C. trivial D. subordinate
            15. In our society, a wedding invitation is also an ?____?invitation for a gift.
            A.ingenious B. intelligible C. implicit D. inclusive
            16. The strong scent of Kate’s perfume ?____? the air in the small room.
            A. radiated B. permeated C. extracted D. dispersed
            17. An atom bomb would ?____? a city.
            A. destroy B. damage C. spoil D. wreck
            18. The climate here is pleasant. It is ?____? all the year round.
            A. damp B. humid C. moist D. wet
            19. The room is partly ?____? with a few old chairs.
            A. provided B. decorated C. beautified D. furnished
            20. If Karl were more ?____? about her voice, she would never sing outside of the shower.
            A. punctual B. practical C. sensitive D. objective
            21. Renewing my driver’s licence today is ?____?. Otherwise, the licence will expire at midnight.
            A. imaginative B. feasible C. imperative D. empirical
            22. For those with poor eyesight, large print ?____? reading.
            A. facilitates B. rectifies C. reinforces D. magnifies
            23. Nancy complained about the ?____? air?conditioner she bought from the department store.
            A. inefficient B. deficient C. ineffective D. defective
            24. ?____? the large amount of time devoted to listening every day, most college students do not listen effectively.
            A. However B. If C. Despite D. Even
            25. If we continue to argue over minor points, we won’t get ?____?near a solution.
            A. anywhere B. somewhere C. elsewhere D. nowhere
            試題答案與解析
            1. D)【句意】天氣很好,我們決定出去野炊。
            【難點(diǎn)】現(xiàn)在分詞經(jīng)常用作句子狀語(yǔ),本句的原因狀語(yǔ)采用現(xiàn)在分詞表示的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),由于主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致,故在作狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞之前加了邏輯主語(yǔ)it。
            2. B)【句意】他逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到,書本上的知識(shí)只有與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合才能有用。
            【難點(diǎn)】as 作連詞時(shí),一般意為“正當(dāng)…時(shí)候”。 While作連詞時(shí),一般連接的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。when意為“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”,前加only是為強(qiáng)調(diào),only when是一習(xí)慣組合。
            3.C)【句意】雖然鉆石堅(jiān)硬,但用激光很容易就能在上面鉆孔。
            【難點(diǎn)】由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,可以換成由as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句形式,句型一般為adj(adv 或n)+as +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不表達(dá)讓步意義。
            4. B)【句意】絲綢,印刷,紙張,指南針和火藥源于中國(guó),它們的引進(jìn)給西方造成了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
            【難點(diǎn)】該句考查名詞和物主代詞的指代關(guān)系。
            5. B)【句意】這一問題肯定在兩天之前的會(huì)議上討論過。
            【難點(diǎn)】跟在believe,think, consider 等詞后面作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的成分一般為動(dòng)詞不定式。
            6. D)【句意】超聲波能產(chǎn)生脈沖信號(hào),通過這些信號(hào)就能檢測(cè)出金屬中的各種缺陷。
            【難點(diǎn)】for which表示目的;of which 表示所屬;as a result of which相當(dāng)于表示由其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與其所修飾的主句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系;by means of 意為“通過(某種方式)”。
            7. D)【句意】在計(jì)算機(jī)編程中,這種模塊比我們所有的其他模塊都好。
            【難點(diǎn)】be supeiror to 意為“優(yōu)越于,好于”。該短語(yǔ)本身就表示比較級(jí),所以它表示“比…好”時(shí)不再需要加任何修飾。
            8. A)【句意】大亞灣核電站引進(jìn)的磨煤系統(tǒng)大大減少了過去粉碎煤所需的時(shí)間。
            【難點(diǎn)】take some time to do sth表示“做某事花…時(shí)間”。
            9. C)【句意】有些委員建議為來訪者安排一次聚會(huì),但主席對(duì)此予以否決。
            【難點(diǎn)】suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí),其后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該采用動(dòng)名詞形式,類似的動(dòng)詞還有: finish (完成),avoid(避免),mind(在意)等。
            10. D)【句意】如果服務(wù)員今天來,請(qǐng)讓她給我洗洗襯衫。
            【難點(diǎn)】用have, make 或let表達(dá)“讓某人做某事”時(shí),要求后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)。
            11. B)【句意】雖然種族問題還沒有得到徹底解決,完全的平等還沒有得到實(shí)現(xiàn),但這些方面所取得的進(jìn)步是值得稱道的。
            【難點(diǎn)】although意為“盡管,雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;since 意為“因?yàn)?既然”;now that意為“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)…;既然已…”;before long意為“不久”,不是連詞,不能帶從句。
            12. C)【句意】更重要的是,他們對(duì)人們干擾生態(tài)平衡的行為以及可能產(chǎn)生的后果表示震驚。
            【難點(diǎn)】above all 意為“更重要的是,尤其”;all in all 意為“總而言之,總的說來”;after all 意為“畢竟,終究”; in all 意為“全部,總共,總計(jì)”。
            13. A)【句意】傳說那個(gè)人多次得到諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)提名。
            【難點(diǎn)】rumor has it that …是一個(gè)固定句式,意為“傳言…,傳說…”,其中it為無人稱代詞。其它三個(gè)詞不能在本句中形成固定搭配。
            14. D)【句意】只是因?yàn)槲译`屬老板,他就認(rèn)為他可以對(duì)我招之即來,揮之即去,不尊重我的人格。
            【難點(diǎn)】subordinate意為“下級(jí)的,次要的;隸屬的”,后接to;redundant意為“累贅的,多余的,重復(fù)的”;versatile意為“多才多藝的,有多方面才能的”;trivial意為“瑣碎的;無足輕重的”。
            15. C)【句意】在我們的社會(huì),婚禮請(qǐng)柬也是一種要求送禮的含蓄的表達(dá)方式。
            【難點(diǎn)】implicit 意為“不言自明的;含蓄的”;ingenious意為“聰明的,有發(fā)明天才的”;intelligible意為“可理解的;明白易懂的”;inclusive意為“包括的,包含的”。
            16. B)【句意】凱特香水的濃濃香氣彌漫了小屋。
            【難點(diǎn)】permeate意為“漫布,遍布,彌漫”;radiate意為“輻射,發(fā)散;傳播”;extract意為“(費(fèi)力)取出,拔出”;disperse 意為“使散布,散發(fā),傳播”。
            17. A)【句意】一顆原子彈就會(huì)摧毀一座城市。
            【難點(diǎn)】destroy 意為“破壞,摧毀”;damage意為“損害,損壞”,指局部性的破壞;spoil意為“弄糟,破壞;溺愛”;wreck意為“弄壞(身體),使(計(jì)劃)受挫”。
            18. C)【句意】這里的氣候十分宜人,終年濕潤(rùn)。
            【難點(diǎn)】moist意為“微濕;濕潤(rùn)的”,為褒義詞;damp意為“潮濕的,濕氣重的”,為貶義詞;humid意為“潮濕的,濕潤(rùn)的”,為中性詞;wet意為“濕的,未干的”。
            19. D)【句意】這個(gè)房間里的家具包括幾把舊扶手椅。
            【難點(diǎn)】furnish意為“為(房間)配備家具;provide意為“提供;供給”;decorate意為“裝飾,裝潢”;beautify 意為“使美起來,美化”。
            20. D)【句意】如果卡爾對(duì)她的嗓音的評(píng)價(jià)客觀的話,那么她就不會(huì)剛洗完澡就唱了。
            【難點(diǎn)】objective意為“客觀的”;punctual意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)的,按時(shí)的”;practical意為“實(shí)際的,實(shí)用的”;sensitive意為“敏感的,感覺靈敏的”,后接to。
            21. C)【句意】我的駕照必須今天就續(xù)辦,否則,駕照會(huì)在半夜到期而無效。
            【難點(diǎn)】imperative意為“緊急的,必要的”;imaginative 意為“富于想象力的”;feasible 意為“可能的,可行的”;empirical意為“單憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)的,經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”。
            22. A)【句意】對(duì)那些視力較差的人,大寫字體益于他們閱讀。
            【難點(diǎn)】facilitate意為“使便利,幫助”;rectify意為“糾正,矯正,改正,修訂”;reinforce意為“增援;加強(qiáng)”;magnify意為“放大,擴(kuò)大”。
            23. D)【句意】南希抱怨自己從百貨商店買來的那部有缺陷的空調(diào)器。
            ?【難點(diǎn)】defective意為“有缺點(diǎn)的,有缺陷的,有毛病的”;inefficient意為“效率低的”;ineffective意為“無效的,不起作用的”;deficient意為“不足的,缺乏的”。
            24.C)【句意】盡管花了大量時(shí)間去練習(xí)聽力,可大多數(shù)高校學(xué)生的聽力還不盡人意。
            【難點(diǎn)】despite意為“不管,盡管”,是介詞,后加名詞;however意為“然而,無論怎樣”,是副詞,修飾形容詞或全句;if是連詞,帶從句,表示條件;even意為“甚至,即使;更加”,是副詞,修飾形容詞。
            25. A)【句意】如果我們繼續(xù)為小事糾纏不休的話,我們就不會(huì)找到任何解決問題的方法。
            【難點(diǎn)】get somewhere 意為“有進(jìn)展,有結(jié)果”,get nowhere意為“無進(jìn)展,無結(jié)果”,亦即not get anywhere。以上是習(xí)語(yǔ)性搭配,所有其他選項(xiàng)不合適。