含有動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式可用作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓浯補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)??捎羞@種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有get(請(qǐng)),ask(請(qǐng)求),order(命令),persuade(說(shuō)服),advise(勸告),like(喜歡),want(想要),tell(叫),know(知道)help(幫助),call on(號(hào)召,請(qǐng)求),等等。如:
He got someone to repair the door.他請(qǐng)人修理門(mén)。
I persuaded my brother to change his mind.我說(shuō)服我弟弟改變了主意。
The doctor advised him to take a good rest.大夫勸他好好休息。
在某些及物動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)詞不定式須省掉too這些動(dòng)詞有:make(使),let(讓),see(見(jiàn)),
watch(望),hear(聽(tīng)),have(使),feel(覺(jué)得)等。動(dòng)詞help后不定式的to可以省掉,也可以保留。如:
Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.古為今用,洋為中用。
He let me go home.他讓我回家。
We must have someone repair the refrigerator.我們必須叫人來(lái)修電冰箱。
I heard him speak in the next room.我聽(tīng)到池在隔壁房間里講話(huà)。
Mother is helping pat (to) clean her shoes.媽媽正幫蓓蒂刷鞋子。
[注一]上述句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式的to仍須保留。如
[英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法手冊(cè)]非限定動(dòng)詞 D
動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由在不定式符號(hào)to之前加上not而成。如:
He decided not to go home.他決定不回家。
The teacher warned the pupils not to go skating on thin ice.教師警告學(xué)生不要在薄冰上滑冰。
I told him not to open the door.我叫他不要開(kāi)門(mén)。
疑問(wèn)詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式
疑問(wèn)代詞who,what,which和疑問(wèn)副詞when,where,how等后加動(dòng)詞不定式,構(gòu)成一種特殊的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ),可在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。如:
When to start has not been decided.何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。(作主語(yǔ))
They told her where to find her little brother.他們告訴她到哪里找她的小弟弟。(作賓語(yǔ))
The teacher showed the students how to do the exercise.老師教學(xué)生如何做練習(xí)。(作賓語(yǔ))
He thought a lot about how to improve his English pronunciation.他對(duì)如何提高英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音想得很多。(作介詞的賓語(yǔ))
動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"for + 名詞(或代詞賓格) + 動(dòng)詞不定式"
在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的for本身無(wú)意義。名詞(或代詞賓格)形式上是for的賓語(yǔ),但在邏輯上可以說(shuō)是動(dòng)詞不定式的主語(yǔ)。這種不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句子里可作下列成分:
1)主語(yǔ)
For us to learn foreign languages is important.學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的。
在句中,for us在邏輯上是to learn foreign languages的主語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),和簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,一般都用引詞訌來(lái)代表并放在句首,"for + 名詞 (或代詞賓格) + 不定式"則放在句末。如:
It is important for us to learn foreign languages.
It is necessary for us to learn from each other.我們必須相互學(xué)習(xí)。
2)表語(yǔ)
It is for you to decide.這得由你決定。
3)賓語(yǔ)
Can you arrange for a car to take us there?你能安排一輛汽車(chē)送我們到那里去嗎?
4)定語(yǔ)
There is a lo to work for us to do.有很多工作要我們?nèi)プ觥?span lang="EN-US">
5)狀語(yǔ)
The policeman blew his whistle for the carts to stop.警察吹哨要那幾輛大車(chē)停下來(lái)。(作目的狀語(yǔ))