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定語從句：在句中作定語的句子，它修飾一個名詞或代詞，這個被修飾的名詞、代詞叫做先行詞。
一、引導詞（關系詞）：位于從句與先行詞之間，起連接作用，同時在從句中充當一定的成分。先行詞分兩類：1.關系代詞who（作主語）, whom（作賓語）, whose（作定語）, which（作主語、賓語）, that（作主語、賓語）. 2.關系副詞when, where, why.
注意：1.如果關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時，引導詞可以省略.
eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well.
2.關系代詞作賓語時，可放在介詞后。 但當關系代詞是that時，則不能放在介詞后。eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived
= This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in.
=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in
二、如何選用引導詞：一般情況引導詞的選用是受先行詞決定的——先行詞是人時用that , who , whom , whose; 先行詞是物時用that , which; 先行詞是時間、地點時用when , where.
eg. 1)The boy who / that is standing under the tree is Jim. 站在樹下的那個男孩時Jim.
2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? 你認識那個媽媽是司機的女孩嗎？
3)Have you been to the factory where your father works? 你去過你爸爸工作的工廠嗎？
但注意區(qū)別who / that (指人)；which / that (指物)
1.修飾人只用who的情況：
a. 先行詞是one , ones , anyone , those 時。
b. there be句型中修飾名詞時。
c. 先行詞后有一個較長的定語。
eg.1)Anyone who hasn’t handed in his home- work should stay after school. 沒交作業(yè)的任何人放學后都要留下。
2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 校門口有位想見你的女孩。
3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 昨天下午在公園你見過那個穿紅襯衫的人嗎？
2.修飾人或物只用that的情況：
a. 先行詞為指物的不定代詞all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing
b.先行詞前有最高級、序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast , only , very , all , no時
c. 先行詞既有人，又有物時
d. 主句是who / which引導的特殊疑問句，而先行詞又指人或物時。
eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you? 有讓我做的事嗎？
2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是現(xiàn)在能幫助我們的唯一的人。
3)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他談論著他拜訪過的老師和參觀過的學校。
4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我們上周星期天用過的機器是哪一臺？
3.修飾物只用which的情況：
a. 先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時
b. 先行詞為that時
eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 這就是魯迅以前住過的房子。
2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱著的那個是什么？
*三、定語從句可簡化為短語
1．定語從句為被動語態(tài)時可簡化為過去分詞短語；定語從句為現(xiàn)在進行時可簡化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。
2．定語從句的謂語(be)后是介詞短語，可簡化為介詞短語作定語。
3．定語從句的謂語動詞含情態(tài)動詞，可簡化為不定式。
eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.
= I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.
= Tell the children playing there not to do that.
3)The book that is on the table is mine.
= The book on the table is mine.
4) We have nothing that we should fear.
= We have nothing to fear.
練 習
一、用適當?shù)年P系代詞填空
1.Is it the very house ________ you lived in ten years ago?
2.The woman _____ sits next to the door is my mother.
3.I’ll never forget the year _____ I joined the League.
4.It is the house _____ I was born.
5.The house ______ roof is broken has been repaired.
二、用短語來改寫下面的定語從句部分。
1.The man that is talking with Mary is my brother.
______________________________________
__________________.
2.This is a book which was written by a worker
______________________________________
3.The student who is from Canada speaks French.
______________________________________
__________.
4.She has a lot of work that she must do.
_____________________________________
三、選擇填空
( )1.The man ____ was a friend of mine.
A. that you just talked to
B. whom you just talked to him
C. who you just talked to him
D. which you just talked to
( )2.This is the best film ____has been shown this year.
A. who B. that C. which D. when
( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that D. in where
( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers ____ interested him
A. what B. who C. that D. which
( )5.My father still remembers the day ___ he joined the army.
A. when B. which
C. to which D. from which
( )6.I’ll never forget the summer holidays ____ we spent together.
A. when B. in which C. which D. how
( )7—Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?
—Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
( )8.The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
( )9.I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
( )10.—Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
( )11.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
( )12.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
( )13.This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
( )14.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
( )15.The moon is a world ___there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
( )16.He has forgotten the day ___ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
( )17.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
( )18.Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
( )19.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
( )20.This is the house ______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
( )21.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
( )22.He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
初中英語語法復習（8） 被 動 語 態(tài)
初中英語語法復習（7） 形容詞、副詞的比較等級
初中英語復習專輯（6）連詞講解練習答案
初中英語復習專輯（5）介詞講解練習答案
初中英語復習專輯（4）數(shù)詞講解練習答案
初中英語復習專輯（3）代詞講解練習答案
初中英語復習專輯（2）冠詞講解練習答案
初中英語復習專輯（1）名詞講解練習答案
《初中英語復習專輯(10)賓語從句講解和練習》由留學liuxue86.com編輯整理
定語從句：在句中作定語的句子，它修飾一個名詞或代詞，這個被修飾的名詞、代詞叫做先行詞。
一、引導詞（關系詞）：位于從句與先行詞之間，起連接作用，同時在從句中充當一定的成分。先行詞分兩類：1.關系代詞who（作主語）, whom（作賓語）, whose（作定語）, which（作主語、賓語）, that（作主語、賓語）. 2.關系副詞when, where, why.
注意：1.如果關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時，引導詞可以省略.
eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well.
2.關系代詞作賓語時，可放在介詞后。 但當關系代詞是that時，則不能放在介詞后。eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived
= This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in.
=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in
二、如何選用引導詞：一般情況引導詞的選用是受先行詞決定的——先行詞是人時用that , who , whom , whose; 先行詞是物時用that , which; 先行詞是時間、地點時用when , where.
eg. 1)The boy who / that is standing under the tree is Jim. 站在樹下的那個男孩時Jim.
2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? 你認識那個媽媽是司機的女孩嗎？
3)Have you been to the factory where your father works? 你去過你爸爸工作的工廠嗎？
但注意區(qū)別who / that (指人)；which / that (指物)
1.修飾人只用who的情況：
a. 先行詞是one , ones , anyone , those 時。
b. there be句型中修飾名詞時。
c. 先行詞后有一個較長的定語。
eg.1)Anyone who hasn’t handed in his home- work should stay after school. 沒交作業(yè)的任何人放學后都要留下。
2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 校門口有位想見你的女孩。
3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 昨天下午在公園你見過那個穿紅襯衫的人嗎？
2.修飾人或物只用that的情況：
a. 先行詞為指物的不定代詞all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing
b.先行詞前有最高級、序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast , only , very , all , no時
c. 先行詞既有人，又有物時
d. 主句是who / which引導的特殊疑問句，而先行詞又指人或物時。
eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you? 有讓我做的事嗎？
2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是現(xiàn)在能幫助我們的唯一的人。
3)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他談論著他拜訪過的老師和參觀過的學校。
4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我們上周星期天用過的機器是哪一臺？
3.修飾物只用which的情況：
a. 先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時
b. 先行詞為that時
eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 這就是魯迅以前住過的房子。
2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱著的那個是什么？
*三、定語從句可簡化為短語
1．定語從句為被動語態(tài)時可簡化為過去分詞短語；定語從句為現(xiàn)在進行時可簡化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。
2．定語從句的謂語(be)后是介詞短語，可簡化為介詞短語作定語。
3．定語從句的謂語動詞含情態(tài)動詞，可簡化為不定式。
eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.
= I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.
= Tell the children playing there not to do that.
3)The book that is on the table is mine.
= The book on the table is mine.
4) We have nothing that we should fear.
= We have nothing to fear.
練 習
一、用適當?shù)年P系代詞填空
1.Is it the very house ________ you lived in ten years ago?
2.The woman _____ sits next to the door is my mother.
3.I’ll never forget the year _____ I joined the League.
4.It is the house _____ I was born.
5.The house ______ roof is broken has been repaired.
二、用短語來改寫下面的定語從句部分。
1.The man that is talking with Mary is my brother.
______________________________________
__________________.
2.This is a book which was written by a worker
______________________________________
3.The student who is from Canada speaks French.
______________________________________
__________.
4.She has a lot of work that she must do.
_____________________________________
三、選擇填空
( )1.The man ____ was a friend of mine.
A. that you just talked to
B. whom you just talked to him
C. who you just talked to him
D. which you just talked to
( )2.This is the best film ____has been shown this year.
A. who B. that C. which D. when
( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that D. in where
( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers ____ interested him
A. what B. who C. that D. which
( )5.My father still remembers the day ___ he joined the army.
A. when B. which
C. to which D. from which
( )6.I’ll never forget the summer holidays ____ we spent together.
A. when B. in which C. which D. how
( )7—Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?
—Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
( )8.The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
( )9.I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
( )10.—Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
( )11.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
( )12.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
( )13.This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
( )14.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
( )15.The moon is a world ___there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
( )16.He has forgotten the day ___ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
( )17.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
( )18.Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
( )19.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
( )20.This is the house ______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
( )21.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
( )22.He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
初中英語語法復習（8） 被 動 語 態(tài)