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    As other countries move to ban Muslim head coverings, Turkey is going the opposite way.
    當(dāng)其他國家正執(zhí)行穆斯林頭巾禁令時，土耳其卻反其道而行。
    Women have been free to wear headscarves at state universities since 2011, and in parliament since 2013.
    自2011年以來，女性可以不受限制地在公立大學(xué)戴頭巾，并且從2013年開始女性可以戴頭巾進入國會。
    Last August policewomen were allowed to cover their heads; in November a ban on headscarves among civilian defense staff was lifted.
    去年八月份允許女警察戴頭巾;11月份解除了民事國防人員不得戴頭巾的禁令。
    In 1925 Kemal Ataturk, Turkey’s first president, declared that a “civilized, international dress” was “worthy and appropriate” for the new republic.
    1925年土耳其第一任總統(tǒng)凱末爾·阿塔圖爾克宣布：“文明且與國際接軌的著裝是與新共和國相稱且恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?rdquo;
    For men, this meant Western shoes, trousers, shirts and ties—in with the bowler and out with the fez.
    這意味著男子要西裝革履——廢除費茲帽并改戴常禮帽。
    Women were urged to follow European fashion, dance the foxtrot and work in the professions.
    鼓勵女子跟隨歐州時尚，跳狐步舞并進入各行各業(yè)工作。
    In 1934 Turkey let women vote and banned the wearing of the Islamic veil.
    1934年土耳其允許婦女投票并禁止佩戴穆斯林面紗。
    Curbs on religious garb were tightened in the 1990s.
    二十世紀九十年代對宗教服裝的限制更加嚴格。
    Fatma Benli, a lawyer and parliamentarian, remembers being asked to remove her scarf before defending her dissertation in the late 1990s.
    作為一名律師和國會議員，F(xiàn)atma Benli記得九十年代末她在論文答辯前被要求除去頭巾。
    In 1999 an MP who came to parliament in a headscarf was booed out.
    1999年一位國會議員因戴頭巾進入國會而被趕了出去。
    That began to change after 2002, as the Justice and Development (AK) party consolidated power.
    隨著正義與發(fā)展(AK)黨鞏固權(quán)利，自2002年后情況開始改變。
    Today 21 covered women sit in parliament.
    今天有21位戴頭巾的女性在國會占據(jù)席位。
    Critics say the AK party has promoted veiling by preferring veiled job applicants and conservative groups.
    批評家說AK黨通過傾向選擇遮面的求職者和保守團體，從而促使婦女去戴頭巾。
    Binnaz Toprak, a sociologist and opposition politician, has found that some women, especially in the public sector, wear the scarf to further their careers.
    社會學(xué)家和反對黨政客Binnaz Toprak發(fā)現(xiàn)有些女性通過戴頭巾以求升職，這種情況在公共部門尤其嚴重。
    Some secularists see a link between stricter Islamic dress norms and increased violence against women.
    一些世俗主義者看到在更嚴格的伊斯蘭著裝規(guī)范與對女性暴力的增加之間的聯(lián)系。
    In September a nurse in Istanbul was kicked in the face by a man enraged at her shorts.
    九月份，在伊斯坦布爾，由于被一名護士身著短褲激怒，一名男子踢傷了這名護士。
    He was quickly released, to be rearrested only after an outcry.
    該男子很快就被釋放，但在一片抗議聲中再次入獄。
    At a protest several weeks later a teenage student, Oznur, complained about a hostile climate in the district where she lives: “We can’t walk on our own in the evening without being harassed.”
    在幾周后的一次抗議活動中，一名青少年學(xué)生Oznur抱怨她生活地區(qū)懷有惡意的風(fēng)氣：“我們在晚上穿著隨意出門總會被騷擾。”
    She and her friends wanted neither a return to Kemalist dress codes nor their replacement by Islamic ones.
    她和朋友既不希望回到基馬爾式的著裝規(guī)范，也不希望它被伊斯蘭式的所代替。
    The state, she said, has no business telling women what they should wear.
    她聲稱這個國家無權(quán)對婦女的穿著進行干涉。
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