下面是出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)GRE欄目為大家?guī)淼?ldquo;GRE周末精選閱讀：美國新聞業(yè)的數(shù)字復(fù)興”，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
    Journalism in America——Digital resurrection
    美國新聞業(yè)：數(shù)字復(fù)興
    Some moderately good news in the news industry
    新聞業(yè)的好消息
    這篇閱讀材料還有MP3音頻哦!下載>>傳送門
    IN FEBRUARY Vice, a media firm that caters to youngsters who like their news with a dollop of sass and hip-hop, toured the opulent residence of the ousted president of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych, and posted the video online. “It looks like a weird dictatorship theme park,” the sardonic reporter told the camera. A new report by the Pew Research Centre, a think-tank, finds that a third of Americans now watch news videos online, about as many as say they watch news on cable television. Among those aged 18-29, around half do.
    傳媒公司Vice迎合年輕人的口味播報(bào)充滿狂言妄語的新聞及嘻哈音樂。今年二月，該傳媒公司的記者參觀了已被罷黜的烏克蘭總統(tǒng)亞努科維奇豪宅并將視頻傳到了網(wǎng)上。“這個(gè)地方就像一個(gè)怪異的獨(dú)裁主題公園”記者頗具諷刺性地對(duì)著攝像機(jī)說道。智庫皮尤研究中心最近發(fā)表了一個(gè)新的報(bào)告，該報(bào)道顯示近三分之一的美國人在網(wǎng)上看視頻新聞，約近乎三分之一的人稱他們在有線電視上看新聞。在那些18-29歲的年輕人中，近一半的人在網(wǎng)上看新聞。
    In years past Pew's “State of the News Media” reports have been sombre, chronicling the evisceration of jobs and the gutting of news budgets. This year, however, Pew sounded more optimistic, pointing to the slew of digital-news services, such as Vice's online news channel, that have sprung up recently. Around 5,000 full-time jobs have been created at 468 digital-news firms, according to Pew. Many online-news firms have hired high-profile journalists away from big publications, such as the New York Times and Washington Post, and are launching bureaus around the world (although not nearly as many as have been shuttered by newspapers).
    在過去的幾年，皮尤中心有關(guān)“新聞媒體的狀況”的報(bào)告都是陰郁的，長久以來都是老生常談的就業(yè)問題和新預(yù)算。但是今年，皮尤似乎更為樂觀，指出數(shù)字新聞服務(wù)局勢的回轉(zhuǎn)，比如說Vice在線新聞?lì)l道，最近如雨后春筍一般冒出來。根據(jù)皮尤的數(shù)據(jù)，468家數(shù)字新聞公司已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了近5000個(gè)全職崗位。許多在線新聞公司從大型出版社挖墻腳，雇了許多高知名度的記者，如紐約時(shí)報(bào)級(jí)華盛頓郵報(bào)，并在全球廣設(shè)分局(盡管并非很多由于紙質(zhì)新聞業(yè)而慘遭關(guān)閉)。
    Digital news firms used to do little besides rehashing traditional newspapers' stories. Now they are starting to feature more original articles. Last year Business Insider, a business-news site, ran a profile of Marissa Mayer, the boss of Yahoo. At 23,000 words, it was as long as a novella. “Online you can afford to do that. In a magazine you'd go broke,” says Henry Blodget, the boss of Business Insider. Buzz Feed, which used to be known for casting out “click bait” online, now claims around 170 full-time staff, including a Pulitzer-prize winner, Mark Schoofs, who has been hired to run a new investigative team.
    數(shù)字新聞公司過去除了重復(fù)傳統(tǒng)新聞報(bào)紙的故事之外很少寫自己的東西。而現(xiàn)在他們正開始創(chuàng)作更多原創(chuàng)的文章。去年，商業(yè)新聞網(wǎng)站“財(cái)經(jīng)內(nèi)幕”就寫了一篇文章概述雅虎的老板瑪麗莎·梅耶爾，該文章字?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到2.3萬，已然是一部中篇小說了。“你可以在網(wǎng)上這么做，若是在雜志上你就直接破產(chǎn)了”，該雜志的老板亨利·布洛杰特聲稱。Buzz Feed，曾經(jīng)因網(wǎng)上清楚“點(diǎn)擊誘惑”而聞名，現(xiàn)擁有約170名全職員工，其中包括普利策獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)進(jìn)ark Schoofs，他目前負(fù)責(zé)一個(gè)新聞?wù){(diào)查組。
    Lower costs explain why so many digital news firms, like Silicon Valley start-ups, are launching today. Ken Doctor, a newspaper analyst, reckons it costs as little as $5m to start a “credible” digital news offering. Financiers and philanthropists are investing in news: eBay founder Pierre Omidyar put $250m into a new non-profit, First Look Media. All this has injected hope into a beleaguered industry. Last month Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist, predicted that journalism may “be entering into a new golden age” and that the news industry would grow ten- or a hundredfold.
    低成本運(yùn)行解釋了為什么現(xiàn)在如此之多的新聞公司就像硅谷的暴發(fā)戶一般地崛起。新聞分析人肯·多科特回想當(dāng)時(shí)打造可靠的數(shù)字新聞產(chǎn)品僅需500萬美元?，F(xiàn)在金融家和慈善家都在投資新聞：易趣網(wǎng)創(chuàng)始人皮爾斯·奧米戴爾投資了2,5億元運(yùn)營一個(gè)新的非盈利網(wǎng)站First Look Media。所有的這些為這個(gè)四面楚歌的行業(yè)注入了一縷希望。上個(gè)月，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本家Andreessen預(yù)測新聞業(yè)將“進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的黃金期”并且新聞業(yè)的利潤將增長十倍甚至百倍。
    Journalism is at least becoming more participatory. Pew finds that around half of social-media users share news articles or videos, and comment on them. Around 7% of American adults have posted their own news video to a social network, or submitted one to an established news site. Interactive features are doing particularly well. Last year the New York Times's most popular “article” was a quiz in which people could test whether they spoke more like a LosAngeleno or a Louisianan.
    至少現(xiàn)在新聞業(yè)變得越來越具參與度了。皮尤研究中心發(fā)現(xiàn)近乎一半的社交媒介用戶分享新聞視頻和文章并且在上面發(fā)表評(píng)論。約7%的美國成年人將他們自己的新聞視頻傳到社交網(wǎng)站，或轉(zhuǎn)交至已存在的新聞網(wǎng)站。交互式的特寫做的尤其出色。去年，紐約時(shí)報(bào)最受歡迎的文章是一個(gè)小測試，通過該測試人們可以知道他們的口音是更像洛杉磯人還是更像路易斯安娜人。
    Some positive news is welcome, but newsrooms continue to bleed jobs (see chart). The rise of digital-media firms has done little to restore local news coverage, which has suffered with the closure of many local papers. Digital-news firms' long-form narratives and investigative journalism may grab attention, but they are unlikely to compensate for projects that will never take place again in old newsrooms because of budgetary woes.
    積極的新聞總是受歡迎的，但是新聞編輯室持續(xù)削減全職編輯(見圖)。數(shù)字媒體公司的崛起為重建本地新聞報(bào)道做的事少之又少，當(dāng)?shù)卦S多報(bào)刊倒閉。數(shù)字新聞公司長篇的敘事手法以及調(diào)查性新聞或許能吸引讀者的眼球，但是他們依然不能彌補(bǔ)那些由于預(yù)算困難而不再恢復(fù)其在新聞編輯室的位置。
    Facebook users may be reading news, but they spend on average only a minute and a half on a news site each month if they come from Facebook, about a third of the time that visitors spend if they go to a newspaper's site directly. And digital video may be growing, but its advertising only accounts for around 10% of all digital ad revenues, and viewing growth has slowed. Even television news is not having an easy time. In 2013 the three big cable news channels—CNN, Fox and MSNBC—lost around 11% of their combined audience during prime-time. The news industry today resembles Newton's third law of motion, says Amy Mitchell, Pew's director of journalism research: for every action, there is an equally strong reaction. The momentum might have shifted online, but gravity is still pulling everyone down to earth.
    臉譜網(wǎng)的用戶或許在讀新聞，但是如果消息來自臉譜網(wǎng)，他們平均一個(gè)月花一分半鐘看新聞，若他們直接進(jìn)入新聞網(wǎng)網(wǎng)頁，訪客花費(fèi)的時(shí)間約占三分之一。數(shù)字視頻或有增長，但是其廣告收入僅占所有數(shù)字廣告收入的10%，并且據(jù)觀察增長已放緩。即便是電視新聞日子也不好過。2013年，三大新聞?lì)l道，美國有線新聞網(wǎng)、福克斯和微軟全國有線廣播電視新聞公司黃金時(shí)間流失了約11%的共同觀眾。今天的新聞業(yè)與牛頓的第三運(yùn)動(dòng)定律很像，皮尤新聞?wù){(diào)查中心的主任Amy Mitchell如是道，每一步都會(huì)有同等強(qiáng)烈的反應(yīng)。新聞業(yè)的發(fā)展勢頭或許已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向了網(wǎng)絡(luò)，但是重力作用依然在將人們往地上拽。
    GRE閱讀欄目推薦：
    　　GRE經(jīng)濟(jì)類雙語閱讀精選
    　　GRE雙語閱讀之德國實(shí)施割禮須征求孩子意見
    　　新GRE閱讀長難句中英互譯精選
    　　解析GRE閱讀的主題層面和細(xì)節(jié)層面