4月22日托福綜合寫作真題：
    閱讀文章討論了3個導(dǎo)致帝國覆滅的原因。但是聽力覺得這三個原因都站不住腳。
    首先，閱讀文章說那些戰(zhàn)敗的城邦會反抗帝國，這導(dǎo)致了帝國的崩潰。但是教授說了，一旦帝國攻占了那些城邦，就會拆除城里的城墻。沒有這些保護(hù)性的城墻，戰(zhàn)敗城邦的反抗就是徒勞的。
    其次，有關(guān)閱讀文章提到的雨水稀少導(dǎo)致帝國破滅，教授說，雨水少的確是事實。但是帝國有灌溉系統(tǒng)，能把水從很遠(yuǎn)的地方引來。能滿足人們的需求。所以不是因為干旱導(dǎo)致的帝國滅亡。
    最后，不公平的貿(mào)易的確存在，也的確激起了一些不滿。但是教授指出，帝國有能力建立新的貿(mào)易關(guān)系。所以，即便是與以前的貿(mào)易伙伴關(guān)系破滅，新的貿(mào)易伙伴也能彌補損失。帝國不會由于這個原因就消失了。
    參考范文：
    The reading passage discusses three reasons that may lead to the downfall of an empire. However, the professor finds these reasons groundless.
    First, the reading material argues that resistance from defeated city-states may lead to the downfall of the empire. However, the professor immediately points out that after those city-states was defeated, their defensive walls were torn down. Without protective walls, their resistance was in vain.
    Second, about the scarce rainfall, the professor says that although it’s true that sometimes the empire would suffer from periods of drought, their irrigation system could help bring water from very far away which could meet the needs of the empire therefore the empire did not disappear because of the little rainfall.
    Third, it is true that there existed unfair trade which indeed aroused some estrangement. However, the professor claims that the empire had the ability to establish new trading contacts which could mak up for the costs resulted from the breakup of former business relationships.