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    2021考研英語(yǔ)閱讀材料：衡量生命價(jià)值
    he（Trump） was raising an issue that economists have long grappled with： How can a society assess the trade-off between economic well-being and health？
    他（特朗普）提出了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)努力解決的問(wèn)題：一個(gè)社會(huì)如何評(píng)估經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉和健康之間的取舍？
    President Trump and leading business figures are increasingly questioning the wisdom of a prolonged shutdown of the American economy — already putting millions out of work — to curb the spread of the coronavirus pandemic.
    特朗普總統(tǒng)和商界領(lǐng)袖們?cè)絹?lái)越多地質(zhì)疑，為遏制新型冠狀病毒的蔓延而讓美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期停擺是否明智——這種停滯已經(jīng)讓數(shù)百萬(wàn)人失去了工作。
    however， a widespread consensus among economists and public health experts that lifting the restrictions would impose huge costs in additional lives lost to the virus — and deliver little lasting benefit to the economy.
    經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和公共衛(wèi)生家倒是普遍認(rèn)為，取消這些限制將使更多的人死于這種病毒，付出巨大的代價(jià)，而且?guī)缀醪粫?huì)給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)什么長(zhǎng)期的好處。
    Weighing economic costs against human lives will inevitably seem crass. But societies also value things like jobs， food and money to pay the bills — as well as the ability to deal with other needs and prevent unrelated misfortunes.
    權(quán)衡人類(lèi)生命的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本似乎不可避免地顯得愚蠢。但是，社會(huì)也重視工作、食物和支付賬單的錢(qián)等事物，以及滿(mǎn)足其他需求和防止不相關(guān)的不幸的能力。
    Government agencies calculate these trade-offs regularly. The Environmental Protection Agency， for instance， has established a cost of about $9.5 million per life saved as a benchmark for determining whether to clean up a toxic waste site.
    政府機(jī)構(gòu)定期計(jì)算這樣的取舍。例如，美國(guó)環(huán)護(hù)署（Environmental Protection Agency）設(shè)定了一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，每拯救一個(gè)生命的成本約為950萬(wàn)美元，將其作為是否清理有毒廢物場(chǎng)地的決定基準(zhǔn)。
    Other agencies use similar values to assess whether to invest in reducing accidents at an intersection or to tighten safety standards in a workplace. The Department of Agriculture has a calculator to estimate the economic costs — medical care， premature deaths， productivity loss from nonfatal cases — of food-borne disease.
    其他機(jī)構(gòu)使用類(lèi)似的方法進(jìn)行量化評(píng)估，以決定是投資減少十字路口的事故，還是加強(qiáng)工作場(chǎng)所的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。農(nóng)業(yè)部有一個(gè)計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用來(lái)估計(jì)食源性疾病的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本——醫(yī)療保健、過(guò)早死亡、非致命病例造成的生產(chǎn)力損失。
    Now， some economists have decided to stick their necks out and apply this thinking to the coronavirus pandemic.
    現(xiàn)在，一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家決定冒險(xiǎn)把這種想法應(yīng)用到冠狀病毒大流行上。
    Based on epidemiological projections， as the virus ran unchecked， it would quickly expand to infect somewhat over half the population before herd immunity would slow its course.
    根據(jù)流行病學(xué)，當(dāng)病毒不受控制地傳播時(shí)會(huì)迅速擴(kuò)大，感染半數(shù)以上的人口，然后群體免疫才會(huì)減緩其進(jìn)程。
    A policy to contain the virus by reducing economic activity would slow the progression of the virus and reduce the death rate， but it would also impose a greater economic cost.
    通過(guò)減少經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)來(lái)遏制病毒的政策，可以減緩病毒發(fā)展并降低死亡率，但它也將帶來(lái)更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)代價(jià)。
    It comes down to what a life is worth.
    歸根結(jié)底，這是在衡量生命的價(jià)值。