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2021考研英語：長難句的專項練習22
They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.
一、詞匯突破
statistics 數(shù)據(jù)
寫作過程中可以使用固定詞組：statistics and details
achievers獲得成功的人
二、主干識別
They gather all the data. 主謂賓結構。
三、其他成分
they can 的完整表達為：that they can gather ; 出于簡潔的考慮省掉了that 和gather;not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers整個部分是data 的同位語。
四、微觀解析
同位語中第一部分是performance statistics and biographical details;第二個部分為the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers，其中with high achievers為定語修飾experiments.
五、難點揭秘
同位語部分出現(xiàn)并列現(xiàn)象造成比較冗長產生閱讀難點。
六、譯文賞析
他們盡其所能收集了一切數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)不僅包括表現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)和傳記式資料，而且也包括了那些取得了表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異者在實驗室實驗中的實驗結果。
補充一些心理學術語：
biographical characteristics 傳記特點biographical data 傳記式資料biographical inventory 傳記式量表Biographical Inventory for R & T Talent 科研人才甄選傳記式量表biographical inventory tests 傳記式問卷測驗biographical method 傳記法biographical study 傳記研究biographicaltype case study 傳記式個案研究
2021考研英語：長難句的專項練習23
During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society’s ills "and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
一、詞匯突破
verse 歌詞，詩句
stockholder 股東
assert 聲稱，認為，宣稱
social ill 社會問題
二、主干識別
Levin asserted that +賓語從句and even cited his son. 主謂賓結構
三、其他成分
During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting狀語;music is not the cause of society’s ills 賓語從句主系表結構;a teacher in the Bronx, New York同位語;who uses rap to communicate with students.定語從句修飾a teacher。
四、難點揭秘
并列的動詞和同位語構成一定的閱讀難點
五、譯文賞析
在上個月的股東大會上關于搖滾歌詞的討論中，萊文宣稱說："音樂不是社會問題的原因"，他甚至還以他的兒子為例。他的兒子是紐約州布朗克斯的一個教師，他兒子正在用說唱音樂與學生們進行溝通。
六、翻譯點撥
將同位語單獨翻譯為一個句子是在翻譯中的常用手法。
2021考研英語：長難句的專項練習24
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
一、詞匯突破
constitutional 憲法的
physician-assisted suicide 醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺
permissible 可以被允許的
二、主干識別
the Court supported the medical principle of "double effect" 主謂賓結構
三、其他成分
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide狀語從句;in effect作狀語;a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect整個都是the medical principle of "double effect" 的同位語。
四、微觀解析
a centuries-old moral principle其后被 holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 所修飾。holding that +賓語從句，其中主干為：an action is permissible;having two effects修飾 an action;a good one and a harmful one為two effects的同位語，被that is intended和that is foreseen兩個定語從句所修飾;if the actor intends only the good effect為賓語從句的狀語。
五、難點揭秘
這個句子的復雜就在于同位語的復雜，同位語中有現(xiàn)在分詞短語帶上賓語從句，在賓語從句中又出現(xiàn)同位語，同位語中又出現(xiàn)定語從句。這樣的句子雖然復雜但是還是從最簡單的結構一步步搭建出來的。the Court supported the medical principle of "double effect"解釋什么叫double effect;“holding that+賓語從句”修飾 double effect;an action having two effects is permissible為賓語從句的主干;a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen 解釋什么是two effects;if the actor intends only the good effect 為狀語從句。
六、譯文賞析
盡管最高法院已經(jīng)裁定出醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺行為并不受憲法的支持，但最高法院實際上支持了被稱為"雙重效果"的醫(yī)療原則;這個已有幾個世紀歷史的道德原則認為一個行為可能會有兩個效果——— 一個想要達到的好的效果和一個已經(jīng)預見到的有害的效果。如果行為的實施者想要的只是要好的效果的話，這個行為是被允許的
【翻譯點撥】對于同位語的處理我們還是采取了慣用的單獨成句的方法，也用到了破折號解釋的方法。