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2021考研英語：英語應(yīng)用文的寫作思路
一、應(yīng)用文?？碱愋椭畷?/strong>
1 寫作思路：
建議信由三部分組成，開頭，正文和結(jié)尾。其中開頭和結(jié)尾和其他類型的書信是一樣的，即大家比較熟悉的書信寫作的基本格式。那建議信和其他類型的書信不同點(diǎn)就在于正文的寫作思路有自己的獨(dú)特之處。建議信的正文通關(guān)秘籍即“三步走”的策略。
首段：表示相關(guān)，表明目的。
中段：具體方案，附加原因。
尾段：表示期待。
2 語言表達(dá)：
(1)表示相關(guān): I am... who...
(2)表明目的: I have some better suggestions for you.
(3)具體方案: Firstly，It would be greatly appreciated if you could....
(4)附加原因: Because... is making us more.... Moreover, .... are both necessary to our health/ life/ work.
(5)表示期待: I hope that you will find these suggestions helpful.
3優(yōu)秀范文：
(1)真題展示：
Directions：
Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points)
(2)優(yōu)秀范文：
Dear President,
I am a student in this university who is taking charge of Sports Association. Generally speaking, the ways that you offer to improve our physical condition are quite good; however, I have some better suggestions for you.
Firstly, it would be greatly if you could set swimming and skating as student regular exercises, because exercise is always making us more energetic. Moreover, a balanced diet and sufficient sleep are both necessary to our health. So it is advisable for you to put emphasis on developing students’ good habits.
I hope that you will find these suggestions helpful.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
二、應(yīng)用文常考類型之通知
1 寫作思路：
通知的格式和書信的格式有所不同，包括題目，時間，正文和署名。
題目：Notice大寫，首行句中。
時間：第二行的右邊，如June 24，2017。
署名：最后一行靠右，不需寫禮貌用語。
正文部分和書信保持一致，包括三部分首段，中段和尾段。
首段：通知目的，活動簡介。
中段：具體要求。
尾段：表示期待，給出聯(lián)系方式。
2 語言表達(dá)：
(1)So and so takes great pleasure in announcement that...
(2)It is hereby noted public that...
(3)Owing to..., we beg to inform that...
(4)If you are interested and willing to have a whole new experience, please send tour resume to...
(5)Your applicants are welcomed.
3優(yōu)秀范文：
(1)真題展示：
Directions:
You are supposed to write for the Postgraduates’ Association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and the other information you think is relevant.
You should write about 100 words.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “postgraduate association” instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points)
(2)優(yōu)秀范文(范文中加粗部分為模板語言)：
Notice
June 24,2010
We are very pleased to announce that the Postgraduates’ Association is badly in need of volunteers for the international conference about globalization. It will be held from July 1 to 10 at Tsinghua University.
In the first place, the applicants are requested to speak English fluently and are expected to be active and open-minded. In Addition, the applicants who have the experience of being a part-time volunteer in similar events are preferred.
If you are interested, please do not send your resume to the following email address, postgraduates@tsinghua.edu.cn, before June 29.
Postgraduates’ Association
2021考研英語：寫作必背素材句積累(2)
1. 歷史上，人口過剩的問題從來沒有比現(xiàn)在更加突出。
Never before in history has the issue of overpopulation been more evident than now.
2. 越來越多的人開始意識到財富不是幸福的唯一先決條件。
A growing number of people are beginning to realize that wealth is not the sole prerequisite for happiness.
3. 盡管科學(xué)技術(shù)取得了非凡的進(jìn)步，但是在保證進(jìn)步成果使盡可能多的人受益這方面還存在一些問題。
In spite of the extraordinary progress made in science and technology, problems remain in terms of guaranteeing that achievements benefit the greatest number of people.
4. 一位著名的思想家曾經(jīng)寫道：“對人類最大的威脅是人類自身!”如果事實(shí)確實(shí)如此，那么，現(xiàn)狀應(yīng)該促使我們對我們未來的生存進(jìn)行思索了。
A famous thinker once wrote that “the greatest threat to mankind is mankind itself!” If this is indeed the case, then the current situation should make us ponder our future existence.
5. 對人們行為的多年觀察使我能夠得出這樣的結(jié)論：平庸和成功的主要區(qū)別僅僅在于相關(guān)的個人。成功的個人不斷尋求進(jìn)步，而他們比較懶惰的同時代人僅僅滿足于現(xiàn)狀。
Years of observing human behavior has enabled me to conclude that the major difference between mediocrity and success lies solely with the individual concerned. Successful individuals consistently seek advancement, while their less industrious contemporaries are merely content with the status quo.
6. 傳統(tǒng)的思維方式有了顯著的變化。輿論發(fā)生了劇變，人們表現(xiàn)出更開放的思想以及決定他們自己命運(yùn)的強(qiáng)烈愿望。
Traditional ways of thinking have changed dramatically. The pendulum has swung and people are exhibiting greater open-mindedness and a burning desire to determine their own destiny.
7. 近年來出現(xiàn)了對社會有害的拜金主義傾向。最近的一項調(diào)查表明，X%的調(diào)查對象把致富作為他們的首選，相比之下，就在幾年前，只有X%的人這樣想。為什么人們沒能意識到財富不一定帶來幸福呢?
There has been undesirable trend in recent years towards the worship of money. A recent survey showed that X percent of respondents ranked getting rich as their top priority, compared to X percent only a few years ago. Why do people fail to realize that wealth does not necessarily bring happiness?
8. 幾個月前，我的一個朋友死于一場與酒后駕車有關(guān)的悲慘車禍。這件事情一點(diǎn)兒也不罕見，事實(shí)上是數(shù)以千計的案件的典型，這些案件與在酒精作用下開車的人有關(guān)。
Some months ago, a friend of mine was killed in a tragic automobile accident involving a drunk driver. The incident was far from rare, and was in fact typical of thousands of cases involving people driving under the influence of alcohol.
9. 簡而言之，我們必須勤奮工作，為了下一代把世界變成更美好的地方。我們不應(yīng)該堅持對環(huán)境有害的追求。
In short, we must work diligently to make the world a better place for coming generations. We must not persist in pursuits harmful to the environment.
10. 我們必須避免過分放縱和鋪張浪費(fèi)。相反，我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)發(fā)揚(yáng)節(jié)儉的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以守護(hù)我們新獲得的繁榮。
We must avoid overindulgence and conspicuous consumption. We must instead continue to recognize the benefits of thrift in order to protect our newfound prosperity.
2021考研英語：寫作必背素材句積累(1)
1. 涉及北京機(jī)動車使用量增加這一問題，有的人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該限制使用。另一些人持相反意見。
也許雙方的觀點(diǎn)都有一定道理，但是，無論車輛多少，必須對廢氣排放實(shí)行控制。
When it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in Beijing, some people think that use should be limited. Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but emission controls must be instituted regardless of the number of vehicles.
2. 目前，針對流動工人的問題展開了普遍的爭論。反對流動工人增加的人認(rèn)為這會導(dǎo)致犯罪率升高，從而危害社會穩(wěn)定。他們主張應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格限制進(jìn)入中國城市的流動工人。但是，另一方面，支持廉價勞動力流入的人主張，為了支持大規(guī)模的城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)規(guī)劃，流動人口是必需的。
There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of itinerant workers. Those who object to the rising migrant population argue that increasing numbers lead to rising crime rates and harm social stability. They believe that strict limits should be placed on migrants entering China’s cities. But people who favor the influx of the cheap labor force, on the other hand, maintain that migrants are needed to support the massive urban infrastructure construction program.
3. 人們普遍認(rèn)為過度砍伐造成了夏季特大洪水。專家認(rèn)為中國必須推行大規(guī)模的植樹造林計劃。但我對僅僅植樹造林就能解決問題表示懷疑。
It is widely acknowledged that extensive deforestation contributed to heavy summer flooding. Experts argue that China must introduce a massive forestation program. But I doubt whether forestation alone will solve the problem.
4. 大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為財富為所有問題提供解決的辦法。但是，我認(rèn)為，盡管財富提供物質(zhì)上的利益，一個人應(yīng)該放棄物質(zhì)至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。
Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems. But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides, I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness.
5. 越來越多的人通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)入了“信息時代”。針對這一現(xiàn)象，一些人認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)消除了障礙，為人們提供了與世界即時鏈接的途徑。但是，他們有沒有意識到迅速發(fā)展的信息技術(shù)也能導(dǎo)致侵犯隱私?
An increasing number of people are joining the “Information Age” via the Internet. In reaction to the phenomenon, some say the Internet has removed barriers and provided people with immediate access to the world. But do they realize that rapidly advancing information technology can also lead to intrusions of privacy?
6. 最近，我們經(jīng)常聽到貧富差距擴(kuò)大了的說法。一些人認(rèn)為發(fā)達(dá)世界完全忽略了這個問題。事實(shí)是這樣嗎?細(xì)致的調(diào)查無法證實(shí)這一觀點(diǎn)。
These days we often hear about the widening gap between the rich and poor. Some argue the developed world has totally ignored the problem. But has it? Close examination fails to bear out the argument.
7. 我們經(jīng)常被告知世界處于毀滅的邊緣。但事實(shí)真是這樣嗎?
We’re often told that the world is tethering on the brink of destruction. But is this really the case?
8. 許多人談?wù)摰囊粋€最嚴(yán)重的問題集中在缺乏足夠的居住空間。
One of the most serious problems many people talk about centers on the lack of adequate housing space.
9. 也許當(dāng)今困擾國家的最危險的現(xiàn)象是遍布各級政府的官員腐敗。
Perhaps the most dangerous phenomenon gripping the nation today is official corruption, which is pervasive in all levels of government.
10. 世界上越來越多的人認(rèn)識到加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)的必要性。
There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for strengthened environmental protection.