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    2020考研英語(yǔ)備考：翻譯難點(diǎn)解析(四)
    一、定語(yǔ)從句翻譯法
    1)合譯法:把定語(yǔ)從句放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之前，從而將英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語(yǔ)單句。
    Eg:
    Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.國(guó)會(huì)公布了關(guān)于接受美國(guó)援助的105個(gè)國(guó)家的人權(quán)情況調(diào)查報(bào)告。
    2)分譯法:根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的不同情況，我們可以將其翻譯成并列分句、其它從句或獨(dú)立句等。
    Eg:
    Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知識(shí)，就肯定會(huì)落后。(譯為條件狀語(yǔ)從句)
    The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罷工會(huì)使遠(yuǎn)洋航船不能靠岸，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰洗膸椭?譯成原因狀語(yǔ)從句)
    A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地質(zhì)勘探工程師對(duì)光譜進(jìn)行了分析之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的露天煤礦。(譯為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu))
    The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服務(wù)的提供方式已趨陳舊，這正是我們須采用技術(shù)加以裝備的領(lǐng)域。(譯為并列分句)
    We now live in a very new economy, a service economy, where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.現(xiàn)在我們正生活于一種全新的經(jīng)濟(jì)，即服務(wù)性經(jīng)濟(jì)中，各種關(guān)系越來越比物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品更為重要。(譯為并列分句)
    二、主語(yǔ)從句翻譯法
    1)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可以將從句翻譯成“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)。
    Eg:It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.重要的是要把科學(xué)技術(shù)搞上去。
    Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。(主語(yǔ)從句與主句合譯成簡(jiǎn)單句，按順序譯出)
    2)也可以譯成“主-謂-賓”結(jié)構(gòu),從句本身做句子的主語(yǔ)，其余部分按原文順序譯出。
    Eg:
    Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以犧牲對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)的力量。
    3)分譯法:把原來的狀語(yǔ)從句從整體結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來,譯成另一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立得單句。
    Eg:
    It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.這個(gè)局勢(shì)對(duì)國(guó)際安全是個(gè)威脅，這樣的說法是完全正確的。(It是形式主語(yǔ)，that this situation is a threat to international security是真正的賓語(yǔ))