在準(zhǔn)備留學(xué)申請(qǐng)過(guò)程中，文書(shū)essay的寫(xiě)作可能是令很多小伙伴頭疼的事，特別是對(duì)于英語(yǔ)水平一般般的童鞋，想要寫(xiě)好一篇英文的essay，可是要耗費(fèi)不少腦細(xì)胞。下面和出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編一起來(lái)看看留學(xué)essay寫(xiě)作10個(gè)注意事項(xiàng)。
1.省掉一些不必要的介詞短語(yǔ)
減少使用介詞短語(yǔ)的幾率，尤其是想要表達(dá)所屬格的時(shí)候（運(yùn)用所有格符號(hào)’+s）.盡量不要讓你的句子中充斥著太多的介詞短語(yǔ)；因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)使得你偏離句子的主體以及動(dòng)作本身
2.不要假裝一副博學(xué)的樣子
不要在你的寫(xiě)作中穿插一些夸張或者過(guò)于晦澀的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)裝腔作勢(shì)，選擇一個(gè)更加簡(jiǎn)單且能夠表達(dá)同樣意思的詞語(yǔ)吧。
3.運(yùn)用過(guò)渡詞將你所要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)以及各個(gè)段落之間進(jìn)行鏈接
這些將有助于你的讀者弄懂你的寫(xiě)作邏輯。在運(yùn)用某一個(gè)過(guò)渡詞之前，確保它要和文章所表達(dá)的邏輯相匹配。
| 過(guò)渡詞表達(dá)的含義 | Examples |
| 加入新的觀點(diǎn) | Furthermore, moreover, too, also, in the second place, again, in addition, even more, next, further, last, lastly, finally, besides, and, or, nor, first second, secondly, etc. |
| 表達(dá)時(shí)間 | While, immediately, never, After, later, earlier, always, When, soon, whenever, Meanwhile, sometimes, in the meantime, during, afterwards, now, until now, next, following, then, at length, simultaneously, so far, this time, subsequently, |
| 表達(dá)地點(diǎn) | Here, beyond, adjacent to, there, wherever, neighbouring on, nearby, opposite to, above, below |
| 舉例 | to illustrate, as an illustration, to demonstrate, e. g., (for example)specifically, for example, for instance |
| 同種對(duì)比 | in the same way, in like manner by the same token, likewise similarly, in similar fashion |
| 反差對(duì)比 | Yet, on the contrary, but, and yet, in contrast, however, nevertheless, notwithstanding, though, nonetheless on the other hand, otherwise, after all, at the same time |
| 解釋 | that is to say, to clarify, in other words, to rephrase it, to explain, to put it another way, i. e., (that is) |
| 表達(dá)原因 | Because, on account of, since, for that reason |
| 表達(dá)結(jié)果 | Therefore, thus, consequently, hence, accordingly, as a result |
| 隱含的目的 | in order that, to that end, to this end, so that, for this purpose |
| 強(qiáng)調(diào) | Indeed, undoubtedly, to repeat, in fact, certainly, by all means, surely, without doubt,of course |
| 做總結(jié) | to summarize, in short, in brief in sum, in summary, to sum up, in conclusion, to conclude, finally. |
4.謹(jǐn)慎運(yùn)用縮略詞以及首字母縮寫(xiě)
對(duì)于縮略詞的運(yùn)用普遍的建議是當(dāng)你第一次在文章中運(yùn)用時(shí)最好寫(xiě)其全稱(chēng)。如果你所運(yùn)用的縮略詞眾所周知的話(huà)，就不必解釋。如果大家都知道一個(gè)縮略詞的某一個(gè)意思，而你偏偏想用其他的意思時(shí)，那么最好不要用這個(gè)縮略詞。任何寫(xiě)作無(wú)論它的篇幅多少，其中最多運(yùn)用2-3個(gè)縮略語(yǔ)為宜。
5.采用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
每一個(gè)完整的句子都以其強(qiáng)有力的主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞為基礎(chǔ)。但是在以下這些情況下則需要運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：想要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作而非動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者本身的時(shí)候；不提及動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者顯得更加周全的時(shí)候；為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一種狀態(tài)，而動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不為人所知或者不重要時(shí)；為了聽(tīng)起來(lái)更加權(quán)威可靠時(shí)；
6.不要用太多含糊不清的名詞（尤其是在介詞短語(yǔ)中）
這些名詞不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致句子冗長(zhǎng)，而且它們并不能很好地表達(dá)某一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。
以下這些名詞盡量避免：factor ；aspect；area；situation；consideration；degree；case
例：
Instead of： Strong writing skills are a crucial factor in students＇ academic success.
Write： Students＇ academic success depends on strong writing skills.
7.控制句子的長(zhǎng)度
最佳的句子長(zhǎng)多包含15-20個(gè)單詞。但這并不意味著你必須要把每個(gè)句子按照這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行縮減。句子的長(zhǎng)度以及韻律有所變化反而更好。試著將長(zhǎng)短句甚至是省略結(jié)構(gòu)相結(jié)合吧！
8.避免名詞鏈
除非讀者對(duì)于你所用的術(shù)語(yǔ)非常熟悉，否則的話(huà)不要用太多擁有連續(xù)名詞的短語(yǔ)。
例：
Instead of： Our company has developed an employee performance enhancement program.
Write： Our company has developed a program for enhancing the employee’s performance.
9.減少冗長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)
運(yùn)用一些簡(jiǎn)潔簡(jiǎn)單的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)代替長(zhǎng)短語(yǔ)。
| Meaning: | Use |
| 想要解釋一些事情時(shí) | because, since, why |
| 展現(xiàn)沖突時(shí) | although, even, though |
| 表示條件時(shí) | if |
| 表示必要性，義務(wù)時(shí) | must, should |
| 表示能力時(shí) | can |
| 表示幾率可能性時(shí) | may, might, can, could |
10.避免一些填充式的句式，如It is.....； there is/are.
這些句子結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)讓讀者的注意力偏離主體以及動(dòng)作本身。
例：
Instead of ： It was his generous attitude that impressed me most.
Write： His generous attitude impressed me most.
顯然第二個(gè)句式顯得更加簡(jiǎn)潔有力，而且主體動(dòng)作都很明確。