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    考研英語閱讀技巧：抓主題做答案
    能理出文章主題也是考研英語閱讀理解一種解題策略。今天出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)考研英語輔導(dǎo)老師就2008年text1的題目結(jié)合文章主題進(jìn)行剖析，以期在解題思路上有個(gè)新的開拓。
    2008年Text 1
    While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
    Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
    Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”
    Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”
    Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”
    Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
    貫穿全文的主題一般會在段首處、轉(zhuǎn)折處、重點(diǎn)重復(fù)處出現(xiàn)。而一些例子、數(shù)據(jù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)等則是來支撐論點(diǎn)的，可以不用重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。文章首段綜述男女在很多方面存在差異，而女性在面臨壓力時(shí)更容易產(chǎn)生沮喪和焦慮的情緒。這段中的引用句子可忽略不看。第二段從生理方面說明為何女性更容易在壓力面前沮喪和焦慮，舉了雌鼠的例子，可以忽略不看。第三、四段從社會層面進(jìn)一步解釋主題。第五段舉例子來證明主題，而此例子也可以暫時(shí)忽略不看。文章最后一段會延續(xù)文章主題或者提出新的論點(diǎn)。顯然在這篇文章中，最后一段是在說女性要找到緩解壓力的方式很重要。
    21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
    [A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
    [B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
    [C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
    [D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
    22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women
    [A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.
    [B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.
    [C] are more capable of avoiding stress.
    [D] are exposed to more stress.
    23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be
    [A] domestic and temporary.
    [B] irregular and violent.
    [C] durable and frequent.
    [D] trivial and random.
    24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that
    [A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.
    [B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.
    [C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.
    [D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.
    25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
    [A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
    [B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
    [C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say
    [D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
    理出文章主題及每一段后，會發(fā)現(xiàn)文章是就女性壓力比男性大而展開論述。第一道題目各個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A是說從生理角度來講，女性在壓力面前更脆弱;B女性受到的壓力是男性造成的;C女性比男性在面對壓力時(shí)更有經(jīng)驗(yàn);D男女在面對壓力時(shí)表現(xiàn)傾向不同。從主題來看，很容易選擇A而排除其他三個(gè)。第二道題目是說研究表明女性什么，D是說女性遭受更多壓力，完全吻合文章主題。第四道題目B是說Alvarez的薪水幾乎不能支付她的家庭開支，從另一側(cè)面反映了女性壓力很大。最后一道題目主題題：壓力下的女性。所以綜合來看，只要抓住主題，也就抓住了作者的思路。
    所以，有的時(shí)候做閱讀題目，關(guān)注在細(xì)節(jié)上邊而忽視了主題，使得對于文章理解一塌糊涂，對于題目的理解也可能因?yàn)槠娑鲥e(cuò)。所以不妨打開個(gè)新思路，如果有時(shí)間允許，可以從宏觀上把握主題后、對每段落進(jìn)行整理后，再進(jìn)行題目解析，相信這樣對于題目的理解會比較到位，正確率也會有所提高。主題的把握加上對于做題方法的綜合運(yùn)用希望祝大家閱讀上一臂之力。
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