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Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a “common law”, or law made by courts 1 a monarch or other central governmental 2 like a legislature. The jury, a 3 of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an 4 part of our common-law system.
Use of juries to decide cases is a 5 feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States. 6 the centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result 7 would be obtained using a judge 8 , as many countries do. 9 a jury decides cases after “ 10 ”， or discussions among a group of people, the jury’s decision is likely to have the 11 from many different people from different backgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right.
Juries are used in both civil cases, which decide 12 among 13 citizens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government 14 that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and 15 . Jurors, consisting of 16 numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury.
The judge 17 to the case 18 the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states, 19 jurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they are questioned by the lawyers representing the 20 under rules dictated by state law.
1.[A]other than [B]rather than [C]more than [D]or rather
2.[A]agency [B]organization [C]institution [D]authority
3.[A]panel [B]crew [C]band [D]flock
4.[A]innate [B]intact [C]integral [D]integrated
5.[A]discriminating [B]distinguishing [C]determining [D]diminishing
6.[A]In [B]By [C]After [D]Over
7.[A]that [B]which [C]than [D]as
8.[A]alike [B]alone [C]altogether [D]apart
9.[A]Although [B]Because [C]If [D]While
10.[A]deliberations [B]meditations [C]reflections [D]speculations
11.[A]outline [B]outcome [C]input [D]intake
12.[A]arguments [B]controversies [C]disputes [D]hostilities
13.[A]fellow [B]individual [C]personal [D]private
14.[A]asserting [B]alleging [C]maintaining [D]testifying
15.[A]summoned [B]evoked [C]rallied [D]assembled
16.[A]set [B]exact [C]given [D]placed
17.[A]allocated [B]allotted [C]appointed [D]assigned
18.[A]administers [B]manages [C]oversees [D]presides
19.[A]inspective [B]irrespective [C]perspective [D]prospective
20.[A]bodies [B]parties [C]sides [D]units
SectionⅡ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts .Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text One
It’s plain common sense—the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.
People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.
The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.
Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling—happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who’s happy, who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.
Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.
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