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    Animals'Compasses
    Researchers have found that migrating animals use a variety of innercompasses to help them navigate. Some steer by the position of the Sun. Othersnavigate by the stars. Some use the Sun as their guide during the day andthen switch to star navigation by night. One study shows that the homingpigeon uses the Earth's magnetic fields as a guide in finding its
    way home and there are indications that various other animals from insects tomollusks, can also make use of magnetic compasses. It is of course veryuseful for a migrating bird to be able to switch to a magneticcompass when clouds cover the Sun; otherwise it would just have to land andwait for the Sun to come out again.Even with the Sun or stars to steerby, the problems of navigation are more complicated than they might seemat first. For example, a worker honeybee that has found a rich source ofnectar and pollen flies rapidly home to the hive to report. A naturalisthas discovered that the bee scout delivers her report through a complicateddance in the hive, in which she tells the other workers not only how faraway the food is, but also what direction to fly in relation to the Sun. Butthe Sun does not stay in one place all day. As the workers start out to gather the food, the Sun may alreadyhave changed its position in the sky somewhat. In later trips during the day,the Sun will seem to move farther and farther toward the west. Yet the workerbees seem to have no trouble at all in finding the food source. Their innerclocks tell them just where the Sun will be and they change their coursecorrespondingly.
    全文翻譯：動(dòng)物的羅盤
    研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)遷徙性動(dòng)物可以借助各種各樣的體內(nèi)羅盤來(lái)校正方向。有些動(dòng)物借助太陽(yáng)的位置辨別方向，有些則依靠星星。還有的白天利用太陽(yáng)，晚上利用星星。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)信鴿以地磁場(chǎng)為向?qū)?lái)找到回家的路。還有跡象表明許許多多其它生物，從昆蟲到軟體動(dòng)物，也能利用這種磁場(chǎng)羅盤。具有這種磁場(chǎng)羅盤，對(duì)候鳥來(lái)說(shuō)當(dāng)然非常有用，因?yàn)槿绻麨踉普谌?，它可以以磁?chǎng)為向?qū)Ю^續(xù)飛行，否則它就只好著陸，等待太陽(yáng)重新出現(xiàn)。即使是借助太陽(yáng)或星星導(dǎo)航，其中的學(xué)問(wèn)也比它表面看起來(lái)的要復(fù)雜得多。例如，一只工蜂找到了花圃蜜園，急忙飛回蜂房報(bào)信。博物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)這只蜂探在蜂房里跳了一段極為復(fù)雜的舞，通過(guò)這段舞她不但告訴其它工蜂食物有多遠(yuǎn)，而且報(bào)告了以太陽(yáng)為參照的飛行路線。但太陽(yáng)不會(huì)呆在天上不動(dòng)。當(dāng)蜂群出發(fā)采食時(shí)，太陽(yáng)可能已經(jīng)多少改變了它在天空中的位置。出發(fā)得越遲，太陽(yáng)就越偏西，可這似乎沒(méi)給尋找食物源的工蜂們帶來(lái)任何不便。它們體內(nèi)的時(shí)鐘告訴他們太陽(yáng)應(yīng)在的位置，據(jù)此它們相應(yīng)地改變前進(jìn)的方向。
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