提起寫作，很多同學(xué)都非常頭疼，不知道從何入手，如何才能寫出高水平的文章。其實(shí)要想真正提高寫作水平，同學(xué)們從現(xiàn)在就要注重日常積累，不要考前臨時(shí)抱佛腳。在目前暑期階段的復(fù)習(xí)中，一定自己要?jiǎng)邮謱?，基礎(chǔ)較差的同學(xué)尤其要加強(qiáng)日常的寫作練習(xí)，相信一點(diǎn)一滴的積累會造就水滴石穿的奇跡。
考研作文中的“逗號十二劍法”
句型結(jié)構(gòu)單一呆板、缺乏變化和彈性，恐怕是考研作文中很多考生所犯的共同毛病。優(yōu)秀作文除了結(jié)構(gòu)縝密、文采斐然、條理分明、措辭精當(dāng)、銜接緊湊之外，還特別注重句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。
逗號是英語寫作中一個(gè)非常重要的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，它不僅表示語氣的停頓，還具有連貫銜接和修辭等功能。逗號也是寫作中打造豐富多變句型的突破口。正是高度關(guān)注逗號在句與句，詞與詞，逗號前后部分的連貫銜接功能，我們才別具新意地提出考研作文的“逗號十二劍法”的概念。
所謂逗號十二劍法，指的就是分句之間的如何銜接與連貫問題。句式的復(fù)雜多變要求一篇作文中既要有簡單句、并列句又要有復(fù)合句甚至復(fù)雜復(fù)合句。要構(gòu)造句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜多變就必須講究分句之間的銜接與連貫問題。逗號十二劍法實(shí)質(zhì)就是逗號后(前)分句間銜接與連貫的十二種技巧。為形象起見，美其名曰“逗號十二劍法”。
本章將結(jié)合大量的典型例句，詳細(xì)介紹考研作文中的“逗號十二劍法”，以期全面快速解決考生寫作時(shí)句型缺乏變化意識，寫作時(shí)句型“難產(chǎn)”的尷尬境況。
第一劍法：非限制性定語從句的使用。
例如：
1. Nowadays, the call for quality-oriented education is becoming widespread and the drawbacks of test-oriented education, which have aroused great concern throughout China, are becoming increasingly apparent.
2. The sharp contrast hinges on the protection of the green house, which determines in a large measure the life and death of the lovely flower.
3. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
4. I’m off to St.James Park, where I have to give a lecture on the theatre.
逗號前后是我們寫作時(shí)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜多變、精彩生動句子結(jié)構(gòu)的突破口。上述三例中我們合理巧妙地運(yùn)用了非限制性定語從句，使前后兩個(gè)分句有機(jī)地連接起來，
顯得連貫、自然。例1用關(guān)系代詞which(非限制性定語從句不能用that)代替逗號前整個(gè)分句的意思。這樣就把原本要用兩個(gè)句子來表達(dá)的信息通過定語從句壓縮為一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，顯得簡潔、不羅嗦。例2用關(guān)系代詞which代替逗號前先行詞the green house，通過非限制性定語從句進(jìn)一步說明溫室對于鮮花存活的重要性。例3中逗號前先行詞是表時(shí)間，因此用關(guān)系代詞when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，將主要信息移置逗號之后，取得“尾重”或“末尾聚焦(end-weight)”的效果。例4中先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。其實(shí)考生們對于非限制性定語從句的用法不可謂不熟，但可能就是缺乏用多種手段銜接分句的意識。
第二劍法：非謂語動詞做狀語的使用。
例如：
1.By contrast, when removed from the green house, the protective umbrella, it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms, only to wither away.
2.Parents are too eager to mold their kids, disregarding their individuality with a callous attitude toward their personal development.
3.School-age children are often seen carrying bulging bags on their backs, weighed down on their way to and from school every day.
非謂語動詞有四種表現(xiàn)形式，即動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和動名詞。利用這幾種非謂語動詞形式(動名詞不能做狀語除外)做狀語，能很好地突出信息，取得信息“末尾聚焦(end-weight)”的效果。例1用only加動詞不定式表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，做結(jié)果狀語。從而將被受溺愛的孩子們不更世事、不堪一擊的慘狀和盤托出。例2用現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語，表示一種必然的發(fā)展趨勢，即結(jié)果在意料之中。例3用過去分詞做伴隨狀語，將飽受應(yīng)試教育摧殘的學(xué)齡兒童那苦不堪言的情形栩栩如生地勾勒了出來，辛辣的嘲諷宛然可見。當(dāng)然這幾種非謂語動詞形式也可放在逗號前面一分句或句子中間，如：
4. Weighing both these arguments, I can come to the conclusion that there is no need to take so drastic a step as doing away with this custom. (現(xiàn)在分詞做時(shí)間狀語)
5. An old peasant, bringing his own food, volunteered as a guild for us.(現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語)
非謂語動詞做狀語到底放在前還是后似乎沒有絕對的要求。但一般來說，做伴隨狀語時(shí)可前可后;做原因狀語時(shí)放在前面較多，間或放在后面;做時(shí)間狀語時(shí)一般放在句子前部;做結(jié)果狀語時(shí)一般放在后半分句;做條件狀語時(shí)一般放在前面分句，等等。
第三劍法：同位語或插入語的使用。
例如：
1. As is distinct from above, the number “13”, a long-held symbol of ominousness in the eyes of most westerners, seems to be plaguing them.
2. By contrast, when removed from the green house, the protective umbrella, it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms, only to wither away.
3. Specifically, the number “6”, as they strongly believe, is closely associated with smoothness in the Chinese culture.
同位語或插入語一般插在主謂語之間，一般由名詞詞組(如例1、2)、介詞詞組(如in my opinion, in other words等)、從句(如例3)、不定式短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語充當(dāng)。它們能起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用。除此之外，插入語還可對整句話表示解釋，如：
4. There were twenty people present, to be precise.(不定式短語做插入語)
5. Roughly speaking, these countries are the most densely-populated in Asia.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語做插入語)
第四劍法：With結(jié)構(gòu)的使用。
例如：
1.We now live in a society where competition in the job market rages, with graduates and job-hunters from all walks of life scrambling for desirable jobs.
2.As described in the picture, an American girl is wearing a Chinese costume characteristic of some minority group, with a sweet smile on her face.
3.These children can set their hearts at ease, with everything well- arranged by their parents.
4.With education on all sides being enforced, our young college students will grow up to be qualified not only in their fields but, more importantly, in moral cultivation.
5. He entered upon the new enterprise cautiously, with his eyes wide open.
With結(jié)構(gòu)總的說來有五種形式，即：With+名(代)詞+現(xiàn)在分詞(如例1、4)，With+名(代)詞+過去分詞(如例3)，With+名(代)詞+介詞短語(如例2)，With+名(代)詞+副詞或形容詞(如例5)，With+名(代)詞+不定式。With結(jié)構(gòu)可表原因(如例1、3)、伴隨或方式(如例2、5)、條件(如例4)等
| 考研英語大綱 | 考研英語詞匯 | 英語作文萬能句子 | 考研英語真題 | 考研英語作文 | 考研復(fù)試英語 |