?2014考研英語閱讀精析四
    
    Unit2 學習能力
    Text 1正文
    It doesn’t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.
    One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You remember better what you read when you know why you’re reading.
    Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you. I’m just looking”? Both you and she know that if you aren’t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please.” And you and she are off -- both eager to look for exactly what you want.
    It’s quite the same with your studying. If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that -- nothing. But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”. A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.
    This is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America. I’m reading this article to find out.” Or, “I’m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.
    Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time. As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree. That’s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier. I’d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” You don’t just sit there taking in ideas -- you do something else, and that something else is very important.
    This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are one’s own personal reactions.
    Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.
    Text 1習題
    1. If you cannot remember what you read or study, ________.
    [A] it is no surprise
    [B] it means you have not really learned anything
    [C] it means you have not chosen the right book
    [D] you realize it is of no importance
    2. Before you start reading, it is important ________.
    [A] to make sure why you are reading
    [B] to relate the information to your purpose
    [C] to remember what you read
    [D] to choose an interesting book
    3. Reading activity involves ________.
    [A] only two simultaneous processes
    [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically
    [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions
    [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences
    4. A good reader is one who ________.
    [A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about the subject matter
    [B] does lots of thinking in his reading
    [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading
    [D] is able to check the facts presented against what he has already known
    Text 1全文翻譯
    如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無關緊要了，這一點毫不出奇。這樣不過是浪費寶貴時間罷了。不過，或許你早已發(fā)現(xiàn)一些聰明的方法來避免遺忘。
    一種幫助你記住所學內(nèi)容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的閱讀。如果你清楚你為何而閱讀，那么你對所閱讀的內(nèi)容就會記得更牢靠些。
    當你拒絕商店售貨員的幫助(“不，謝謝，我只是看看”)時，為什么售貨員就轉(zhuǎn)身走開了呢?這是因為你和她都知道，如果你不確定自己要什么，你也不大可能會有所收獲。然而，假設你的回答是“是的，謝謝，我想買一副太陽鏡?！彼龝卮?，“好的，請這邊走?！比缓竽愫退拖颉澳康牡亍弊呷ァ计惹械厝ふ夷阆胍臇|西。
    這與你的學習過程非常相似。如果你隨機選擇了一本書，“只是看看”而不是尋找具體東西，那么你所得到的很可能是——一無所獲。但是，如果你知道你想要什么，而你手頭又有正確的書，那么你幾乎肯定會獲得你所想要的東西。你的緣由可能大不相同：閱讀或?qū)W習是為了“找出更多信息”、“為了理解原因”和“為了找出方法”。一個好學生對于他所做的事情總有一個明確的目的或原因。
    這就是奏效的方法。在開始學習之前，你這樣告訴自己，“我想知道斯蒂芬?文森特?貝尼特為什么這樣描寫美國。我讀這篇文章就是要找出原因。”或者“我要通讀這篇文章，看看中世紀英格蘭的生活到底是什么樣子的?！庇捎谀阒篱喿x或?qū)W習的原因，你就可以將這些信息與你的目的緊密聯(lián)系，并更好地記住它。
    閱讀并不是一項獨立的行為，期間至少兩個重要過程同時發(fā)生。在閱讀時，你能夠迅速而又準確地理解內(nèi)容，同時在對所讀內(nèi)容予以反應時也在表述自己的思想。你與作者進行一種精神對話。如果你口頭表述你的想法的話，它們很可能是“是的，我同意，我的想法也是這樣?！被蚴恰班拧?，我以為這項紀錄早就被打破了。我最好還是再查查日期。”或是“但是還要考慮一些其他的事實!”你并不只是坐在那里理解內(nèi)容——你還在做其他的事情，而這些事情往往非常重要。
    對所閱讀的內(nèi)容進行思考的附加過程包括評估這些內(nèi)容、將其與已知信息相聯(lián)系，并根據(jù)自身目的來進行應用。換句話說，一位好讀者也是一位批判性的讀者。正如你所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，批判性閱讀的一部分就是區(qū)分事實與觀點。事實可以通過證據(jù)來確認，而觀點只是個人反應。
    批判性閱讀的還包括評判來源和進行準確推理。
    Text 1 重點句
    It doesn’t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.
    該句意義：
    該句的語法結(jié)構(gòu)令人發(fā)指，而其講解的有關與學習的道理其卻可以在有關于學習和成長的寫作內(nèi)容中使用。即，一個人如果不知道自己在學什么，那么所學的是什么也便沒有區(qū)別。只是浪費時間而已。這種道理用于考研寫作無敵……
    該句語法：
    (1)形式主語“it”：It doesn’t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it.
    該句中真正的主語為： to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it.
    該句應為：[ to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it] doesn’t come as a surprise
    (2)形式主語“it”：it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it
    該句中真正的主語為：what you read or study if you can’t remember it
    該句應為：[ what you read or study if you can’t remember it] makes no difference
    (3)條件狀語從句：if you can’t remember it
    (4)“maybe”的使用：maybe為副詞，在句中做狀語修飾謂語“have discovered”。
    Text 1習題答案
    答案:BABC
    1. If you cannot remember what you read or study, ________.
    1. 如果你不能記住所閱讀或?qū)W習的內(nèi)容，________。
    [A] it is no surprise
    [A] 這毫不出奇
    [B] it means you have not really learned anything
    [B] 這意味著你沒有真正學到任何東西
    [C] it means you have not chosen the right book
    [C] 這意味著你沒有選對閱讀的書籍
    [D] you realize it is of no importance
    [D] 你意識到這無所謂
    2. Before you start reading, it is important ________.
    2. 在你開始閱讀之前，有必要________。
    [A] to make sure why you are reading
    [A] 確定你閱讀的原因
    [B] to relate the information to your purpose
    [B] 將信息與目的聯(lián)系起來
    [C] to remember what you read
    [C] 記住你所讀的內(nèi)容
    [D] to choose an interesting book
    [D] 選擇有趣的讀物
    3. Reading activity involves ________.
    3. 閱讀行為包括________。
    [A] only two simultaneous processes
    [A] 僅僅兩個同時發(fā)生的過程
    [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically
    [B] 主要是理解內(nèi)容和批判性地評估內(nèi)容
    [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions
    [C] 僅僅區(qū)分事實與觀點
    [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences
    [D] 主要進行準確推理
    4. A good reader is one who ________.
    4. 一位好讀者是________。
    [A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about the subject matter
    [A] 將其所讀的內(nèi)容與其了解的主題相關知識聯(lián)系起來
    [B] does lots of thinking in his reading
    [B] 在閱讀過程中進行大量思考
    [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading
    [C] 對閱讀采取批判性的態(tài)度
    [D] is able to check the facts presented against what he has already known
    [D] 能夠?qū)⑺x到的事實與已知事實核對
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