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    高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納——虛擬語氣
    ◆典型陷阱題分析◆
    1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
    A. will show B. would show
    C. am going to show D. am showing
    【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
    【分析】正確答案選B.根據(jù)上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話——但事實上忘了)。
    2. ―It looks as if he were drunk.‖ ―So it does. _____.‖
    A. He‘d better give up drinking
    B. He shouldn‘t have drunk so much
    C. Health is more important than drink
    D. I wonder why he is always doing so
    【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。
    【分析】最佳答案為D.關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D.
    3. ―Mary looks hot and dry‖ ―So _____ you if you had so high a fever.‖
    A. do B. are
    C. will D. would
    【陷阱】容易誤選A或C.選A者，認(rèn)為前后兩句的動詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致;選C者，認(rèn)為其后帶有if 條件狀語從句，從語氣上看，主句應(yīng)用將來時態(tài)。
    【分析】此題最佳答案為D.分析如下：
    (1) “so + 助動詞 + 主語”是一個很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示“……也一樣”時。如： He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。
    When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當(dāng)動植物消失的時候，人類也會隨之消失。
    (2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應(yīng)選D.
    4. ―He will come tomorrow.‖ ―But I‘d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.‖
    A. will come B. is coming
    C. came D. had come
    【陷阱】容易誤選A或B.根據(jù)上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應(yīng)填一個一般將來時態(tài)。
    【分析】但此題的最佳答案是 C.按照英語習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成時表示過去。又如：
    I’d rather you left right now. 我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就離開。
    I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿這事被遺忘掉。
    I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我寧愿他沒告訴我這事。
    請再做以下試題(答案均為B)：
    (1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you ______.”
    A. won‘t B. didn‘t
    C. don‘t D. wouldn‘t
    (2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you ______.”
    A. didn‘t B. hadn‘t
    C. don‘t D. wouldn‘t
    (3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he ______.”
    A. won‘t B. didn‘t
    C. doesn‘t D. wouldn‘t
    5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
    A. should be; be operated on
    B. were; must be operated on
    C. was; should be operated
    D. was; be operated on
    【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
    【分析】最佳答案選 D.insist后的從句謂語有時用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，有時不用，具體要看該謂語動詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣;若該謂語動詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選D最合適。請做以下類似試題(答案選B)：
    (1) The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.
    A. wasn‘t, wasn‘t sent B. wasn‘t, shouldn‘t be sent
    C. shouldn‘t be, wasn‘t sent D. shouldn‘t be, shouldn‘t be sent
    (2) The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free.
    A. should do, should be B. had done, should be
    C. had done, had been D. should do, had been
    (3) I advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.
    A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling
    C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel
    6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
    A. Was he given up B. Had he given up
    C. Did he give D. If he gave up
    【陷阱】容易誤選 D.
    【分析】正確答案應(yīng)選B.之所以不能選D，是因為時態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對過去事實作出的假設(shè)，所以從句謂語應(yīng)該是 had given up，而不是像D項那樣用一般過去時。另外，當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時，通?？梢允÷?if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：
    Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他們停止做廣告，價錢會降下來。
    Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我會把那場面拍攝下來了。
    ◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆
    1. ―I still haven‘t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.‖ ―It‘s time you _____.‖
    A. do B. did
    C. had D. would
    2. If I hadn‘t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.
    A. don‘t know B. hadn‘t known
    C. wasn‘t knowing D. wouldn‘t know
    3. ―I‘ve told everyone about it.‖ ―Oh, I‘d rather you _____.‖
    A. don‘t B. hadn‘t
    C. couldn‘t D. wouldn‘t
    4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn‘t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.
    A. can‘t get B. won‘t get
    C. hadn‘t got D. wouldn‘t get
    5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”
    A. knew, live B. knew, lives
    C. know, lives D. know, lived
    6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”
    A. begin B. have begun
    C. began D. had begun
    7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
    A. wouldn‘t have fallen B. had not fallen
    C. should fall D. were to fall
    8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
    A. had scored B. scored
    C. would score D. would have scored
    9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
    A. lies B. lay
    C. had lain D. should lie
    10. Without the air to hold some of the sun‘s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
    A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
    C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
    11. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
    A. had said B. said
    C. might say D. might have said
    12. You didn‘t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
    A. drove; didn‘t get B. drove; wouldn‘t get
    C. were driving; wouldn‘t get D. had driven; wouldn‘t have got
    13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
    A. breaks B. has broken
    C. were broken D. had been broken
    14. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.
    A. would have passed B. would pass
    C. wouldn‘t have passed D. wouldn‘t pass
    ◆答案與解析◆
    1. 選B.It’s time you did 為 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英語語法，it’s time 后從句通常要用過去式。
    2. 選A.雖然前有虛擬條件句, 后有使用了虛擬語氣的賓語，但 I don’t know 卻宜用一般現(xiàn)在時，因為 I don’t know 表述的是現(xiàn)在的真實情況，句意為“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指現(xiàn)在不知)我會做出什么蠢事來”。
    3. 選B.I’d rather 后接從句時，從句謂語的時態(tài)規(guī)律是：用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚眠^去完成式表示過去。
    4. 選A.we can’t get there by tomorrow 為客觀事實，故宜用陳述語氣。
    5. 選B.第一空填 knew，因為 I wish 后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣(即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陳述語氣，因為 where he lives 是一個客觀事實，而不是 I wish 的內(nèi)容。
    6. 選C.It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接從句時，從句謂語通常用過去式。
    7. 選 B.此題涉及錯綜時間虛擬條件句，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，條件句與過去事實相反。句意為：要不是在七歲時就迷上了 Melinda Cox 圖書館，我真不能想像我如今會在做什么。
    8. 選 D.這是otherwise 引出的含蓄虛擬語氣，再根據(jù)前面的 hesitated 可進(jìn)一步知道這是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，由此可推知答案選 D.
    9. 選 C.if only 意為“要是……就好了”，其后的句子謂語要用虛擬語氣，同時根據(jù) as the doctor instructed 中的過去時態(tài)可知從句是與過去事實相反，故選 C.
    10. 選 A.without 引出的介詞短語為一個與現(xiàn)在事實相反的含蓄條件句。
    11. 選 D.otherwise 在此相當(dāng)于 if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一個與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句。
    12. 選 D.根據(jù)句中的 didn’t let me drive 可知，這是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣句，條件句的謂語用 had+過去分詞，主句謂語用 would / should / could / might have+過去分詞。
    13. 選 C.as if 引導(dǎo)的句子，有時用虛擬語氣，有時不用。原則上說，若指事實或可能為事實，不用虛擬語氣;若指現(xiàn)在，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時(be 用 were);若指過去用過去完成時，若指將來用過去將來時或用 were to do sth.又如下面一題要選 C：
    It seems as if the sun ____ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.
    A. circles B. is circling
    C. were circling D. has been circling
    14. 選C.but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出與事實相反的假設(shè)，通常與虛擬語氣連用。根據(jù)句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示與過去事實相反，故選C.
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2013全國各省市高考文綜試題匯總
北京	上海	重慶	天津	山東	浙江	福建	廣東
廣西	河南	湖南	湖北	江蘇	河北	陜西	內(nèi)蒙古
山西	貴州	青海	西藏	新疆	四川	寧夏	甘肅
海南	黑龍江	吉林	遼寧	安徽	江西	云南

     
    

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