人物傳記
Passage 1
(2007 全國(guó)Ⅰ D)
Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回憶錄)of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.
Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent(獨(dú)立的)spirit in their work.
Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目標(biāo))that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.
1. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?
A. Top managers. B. Language learners.
C. Serious educators. D. Science organizations.
2. The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in paragraph 2 probably mean ______.
A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching
3. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?
A. The University of Chicago. B. Stanford University.
C. Ohio State University. D. Nebraska University.
4. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ______.
A. he developed a new method of testing B. he called for free spirit in research
C. he was still active in giving advice D. he still led the Eight-Year Study
重點(diǎn)詞匯】
honorable adj.可敬的; 光榮的， 榮譽(yù)的nationally adv. 全國(guó)地
director n.主任， 主管; 董事; 導(dǎo)演behavioral adj.行為的， 動(dòng)作的
【疑難長(zhǎng)句】
Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
(參考譯文)泰勒在1938年的時(shí)候已經(jīng)全國(guó)聞名。那一年， 他應(yīng)羅伯特?哈欽斯的邀請(qǐng)， 從俄亥俄州大學(xué)來到芝加哥大學(xué)， 并把他8年的研究成果也一并帶了過去。
【答案解析】
1. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一句 “Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in...”可知， 有可能對(duì)Ralph W. Tyler的回憶錄感興趣的人是“那些關(guān)注學(xué)校和大學(xué)教什么以及他們的學(xué)生如何學(xué)習(xí)的人”， 說得簡(jiǎn)單一些， 就是和教育有關(guān)的人士。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)， 可知C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與原文最為吻合， 因此C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
2. A 詞義猜測(cè)題。由原句“became hooked on teaching”可知， 該詞組與教學(xué)聯(lián)系在了一起， 再?gòu)腞alph W. Tyler后來專門從事教育研究可知， 此處的意思應(yīng)該是“專門研究、 從事”之類的意思。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)， 可以發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容放在原文當(dāng)中最為合適， 因此A選項(xiàng)是正確答案。
3. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. ”可知， 他在斯坦福大學(xué)的行為科學(xué)高級(jí)研究中心擔(dān)任了第一任主任， 而且擔(dān)任了14年。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知， B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
4. C 推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知， 盡管Tyler于1967年從工作崗位上退休， 但那以后， 他一直活躍在教學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域， 在多家美國(guó)和國(guó)外教育機(jī)構(gòu)任職， 并且在80多歲的時(shí)候還飛到各地講學(xué)和提供建議。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知， C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
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