很多學(xué)生覺(jué)得英語(yǔ)難學(xué)，但事實(shí)上，英語(yǔ)和其他學(xué)科區(qū)別不大，知識(shí)點(diǎn)都完全出在書中。只要肯下工夫，一定會(huì)把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好，至少英語(yǔ)成績(jī)不會(huì)被別人落下太多。通過(guò)今年的初三期末考試可以看出來(lái)，學(xué)生們存在的最主要的問(wèn)題還是對(duì)教材不夠熟悉。比如，今年的完形填空題出自教科書中的原文，但是5個(gè)填空部分很多學(xué)生都沒(méi)有完全答對(duì)。其實(shí)，現(xiàn)在考試的趨勢(shì)越來(lái)越回歸教材，所以學(xué)生們一定要對(duì)教材非常熟悉。英語(yǔ)考試中的作文雖然不像語(yǔ)文作文那樣占分比例很大，但這仍是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。此次考試，學(xué)生們的作文情況也不是很理想。原因是學(xué)生們平時(shí)不愿意動(dòng)筆。其實(shí)，只要對(duì)教材熟悉，寫作的問(wèn)題就不大。教材中的每個(gè)模塊的第二、三單元都是一個(gè)主題，這個(gè)主題會(huì)告知寫作內(nèi)容。中考時(shí)的寫作范圍也不會(huì)脫離這些主題，肯定會(huì)是書中提到過(guò)的，所以，學(xué)生們要根據(jù)這些主題主動(dòng)練習(xí)寫作。
    寒假期間的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)可根據(jù)個(gè)人情況而定，但以下兩方面不得忽視：1、完形填空和閱讀每天要做四五篇。英語(yǔ)考試中完形填空和閱讀所占分?jǐn)?shù)非常大，這是一個(gè)容易得分的部分。所以，學(xué)生們?cè)诩倨诿刻於家ＷC閱讀數(shù)量。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感很重要，如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不做閱讀，再次復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)會(huì)費(fèi)很多力氣。2、初一到初三教材“過(guò)”一遍。復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的最好方式就是熟讀教材，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)教材中幾乎涵蓋了所有知識(shí)點(diǎn)。寒假期間，初一到初三年級(jí)的全部英語(yǔ)單詞要復(fù)習(xí)一遍，課文要通讀一遍，要保證英譯漢和漢譯英都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，這樣會(huì)給開學(xué)后進(jìn)入總復(fù)習(xí)提供很多幫助。
    【考點(diǎn)掃描】
    中考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：
    1. 定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)
    2. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用
    3. 各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法
    考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語(yǔ)從句。
    【名師精講】
    一. 定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)
    在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：
    This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
    Do you know everybody who came to the party?
    I still remember the night when I first came to the village?
    This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
    二. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用
    關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來(lái)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系待客做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語(yǔ)。
    1. 作主語(yǔ)：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：
    I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
    The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
    2. 作賓語(yǔ)：
    She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
    The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
    3. 作定語(yǔ)
    關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)用。例如：
    What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
    The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
    4. 作狀語(yǔ)
    I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
    This is the house where I was born.
    三. 各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法
    1. who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：
    The person who broke the window must pay for it.
    The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
    2. whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如：
    Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
    Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
    3. whose 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：
    The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
    I know the boy whose father is a professor.
    4. which指物，在定語(yǔ)從中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如：
    A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
    Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
    5. that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如：
    I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
    Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
    6. when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：
    I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
    He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
    7. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：
    This is the house where we lived last year.
    The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
    四. 關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的后面，如：
    That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
    which we had lived in for ten years.
    五. 具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問(wèn)題：
    1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況：
    (1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。例如：
    All that he said is true.
    (2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如：
    He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
    (3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：
    He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
    (4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的詞。
    This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
    (5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如：
    He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
    2. 只能用which，不用that 的情況：
    (1) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從中。例如：
    The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
    (2) 定語(yǔ)從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。例如：
    The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
    【中考范例】
    1. (2004年哈爾濱中考試題)
    ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?
    ---Yes, he does.
    A. which B. whose C. where D. who
    【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以只有who合適。
    2. (2004年常州市中考試題)
    The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
    A. who B. where C. what D. that
    【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，所以只有that合適。
    3. (2004年揚(yáng)州市中考試題)
    ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?
    ---He has gone back to Qinghua University.
    A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
    【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以只有who合適。
    4. (2004年益陽(yáng)市中考試題)
    I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
    A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
    【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以只有who合適。
    【滿分演練】
    一. 單項(xiàng)填空
    1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
    ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
    A. he B. that C. whom D. which
    2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
    A. who B. which C. they D. where
    3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
    A. which B. when C. who D. whom
    4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
    A. who B. whom C. he D. which
    5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.
    A. there B. when C. where D. which
    6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
    A. that B. which C. why D. when
    7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
    A. that B. which C. where D. why
    8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
    A. when B. where C. that D. which
    9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
    A. when B. where C. that D. on which
    10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
    A. who B. that C. whose D. which
    11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
    A. that B. which C. when D. where
    12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
    A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
    13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.
    A. which B. that C. when D. where
    14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
    A. that B. which C. when D. where
    15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
    A. that B. which C. where D. when
    二. 用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對(duì)句子連成一個(gè)復(fù)合句
    1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
    2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.
    3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.
    4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
    5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
    6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.
    7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.
    8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.
    9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.
    10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.
    三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空
    1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
    2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
    3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
    4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
    5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
    6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
    7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
    8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
    9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
    10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
    【練習(xí)答案】
    一. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B
    二. 1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.
    2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.
    3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.
    4. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.
    5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.
    6. The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.
    7. The man who waved us was my uncle.
    8. I enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week.
    9. The subject I prefer is science.
    10.The man I spoke to is a professor.
    三. 1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when
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