中考英語易錯題(1)
湖北省宜昌市第五中學(xué) 葛 林
1. a
[誤] I think it is an useful English dictionary.
[正] I think it is a useful English dictionary.
[析] 在不定冠詞a與an的用法中要注意的一點是：an用在以元音開頭的詞之前;而a則用在以輔音開頭的詞之前。要特別注意的是以u字母打頭的單詞，如useful，university等，其第一個音標(biāo)是[j]，所以要特別予以注意。
[誤] I need a hour to finish this letter.
[正] I need an hour to finish this letter.
[析] 要注意hour和honest的第一個字母不發(fā)音。
[誤] My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.
[正] My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.
[析] 要注意以u打頭的單詞，它的發(fā)音為[∧]時，單數(shù)名詞前要用an，如uncle等。
[誤] There is a "f" in the word "football".
[正] There is an "f" in the word "football".
[析] 英文字母單獨使用時，如其第一個發(fā)音是元音時，其前面的不定冠詞應(yīng)該用an而不是a.
[誤] I have a little brother. He is a 8-year-old boy.
[正] I have a little brother. He is an 8-year-old boy.
[析] 要注意這些字母的第一個發(fā)音為元音，如eight, eleven等。
2. able
[誤] This bike is able to be repaired.
[正] This bike can be repaired.
[析] be able to 主要表達(dá)某事或某人具有某種能力去作某事，應(yīng)譯為“有本領(lǐng)”“有能力”“可以”作某事，如：I'm able to swim across this river. 而can可以用來表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如：This radio can be repaired here.
3. about
[誤] This class is about to begin just now.
[正] This class is about to begin.
[析] 要注意be about to 是“將要”的意思，含有將來時之意，不要與表示過去時的時間狀語連用。另外，be about to 一般用作書面語，對應(yīng)的口語是be going to.
about on
about與on都可以作“關(guān)于”講，但卻有所不同，例如：This book is about physics. 應(yīng)譯為“這是一本關(guān)于物理學(xué)的科普讀物?！倍篢his book is on physics.則應(yīng)譯為“這是一本物理學(xué)方面的專著?！?BR> 4. above
[誤] The temperature is five degrees over zero.
[正] The temperature is five degrees above zero.
[析] 表達(dá)“在……上方”時，above與over是可以互換的，如：The sky is above (or over) our heads. 但是要表達(dá)在垂直方向上的上方時則應(yīng)用above不可用over，如：The sun has risen above the horizon.
[誤] There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.
[正] There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.
[析] 當(dāng)表達(dá)覆蓋之意時，只可用over而不能用above.
[誤] There is a bridge above the river.
[正] There is a bridge over the river.
[析] 用來表達(dá)“從……上方越過”時不能用above只能用over，如：The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 則應(yīng)譯為“在橋的上游有一個瀑布?！?BR> 5. across
[誤] He ran across the wood.
[正] He ran through the wood.
[析] across是指某一動作在一平面內(nèi)進(jìn)行，而through則是指該動作在一三維立體空間的運動過程。如：The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.
across的主要用法有兩個。其一，意為“對面”，如：There is a school just across the street. 其二，意為“橫過”，如：He walked across the street.
6. afraid
[誤] I dont't afraid of him.
[正] I am not afraid of him.
[析] 要注意“害怕”afraid一詞在英語中不是動詞，而是形容詞，要與be動詞連用。
7. after
[誤] Two weeks after he left.
[正] Two weeks later he left.
[正] He left after two weeks.
[析] 要表達(dá)“在多少時間之后”，英語中有兩種表達(dá)法，即：用later時，要時間在前，如three hours later; 而用after時要時間在后，如after three hours.
[誤] My father will be back after a few hours.
[正] My father will be back in a few hours.
[析] 受中文的影響，這個介詞常常被誤用。當(dāng)你要表達(dá)在一段時間內(nèi)某個動作可以完成時，一定要用in，而不能用after，因為after是指在某一時間之后。例如：This work will be done in two days. 即表明在兩天內(nèi)這一工作一定會做完。而如用了after，即表示在兩天之后，完成的時間是不確定的。
after behind
after多用于表示順序的前后，如：She walked in the line after Tom. 或用來表示“追趕”，表示一種動態(tài)，如：He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于強調(diào)先進(jìn)與落后，如：She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表達(dá)“遲于”，如：The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者與表示靜態(tài)的動詞連用，如：She hid herself behind the flowers.
8. afternoon
[誤] He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.
[正] He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.
[析] 習(xí)慣用的詞組in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修飾詞后其前面的介詞in都要改為on，不論其修飾詞在前還是在后，如：He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如：Are you free on Sunday afternoon?
9. against
[誤] He against me.
[正] He is against me.
[析] 要注意against意為“反對”，但它在英文中卻不是動詞，而是介詞，如要講反對某事或某人時則要加動詞be, 如：He is against somebody / something.
against for
against意為“反對”、“不贊成”;而for則意為“同意”，為其反意詞。如：Are you for or against the plan?
10. age
[誤] He is twenty years old of age.
[正] He is twenty.
[正] He is twenty years old.
[正] He is at the age of twenty.
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