暑假過后，新初三生們迎來了初中最重要的一年——初三。為方便2013年中考考生及家長查詢相關(guān)信息，出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)中考頻道特別搜集匯總了中考英語知識點以供參考：
    句子類型
    1.從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，英語的句子可分為三種類型：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。
    2.簡單句：由一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)構(gòu)成的句子叫做簡單句。簡單句有六種句型：
    型號 句型 例 子
    1 主語+不及物動詞(+狀語) The Frenchman coughed badly at night. / The city lies in a valley .
    2 主語+連系動詞+表語 That is a map of China. / That piece of meat looks quite good. / It sounds like the singing of rails .
    3 主語+及物動詞+賓語 You're doing the right thing. / Jack likes to stay at home and play by himself .
    4 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 Can you tell me the way to the Summer Palace ? / It took me a week to finish the work.
    5 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語 We call him Li Ming . / The rich man asked the singer to come up to the sitting room .
    6 There +be+主語+狀語 There are some flowers on the teacher's desk . / There are 365 days in a year .
    3.并列句：由并列連詞把兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子。常用的并列連詞有and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet, neither…nor, either…or, still, however, not only…but also等。并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句+并列詞+簡單。
    Hurry up, or you'll miss the early bus . / We love peace but we are not afraid of war . / He must be ill, for he is absent today .
    She has not only knowledge, but also experience . / He was ill, so he didn't go to school. / Work hard, and you will succeed .
    4.復(fù)合句：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫做復(fù)合句。主句是句子的主體，從句只用作句子的一個成分，不能獨立。從句可以擔任復(fù)合句的主語(主語從句)、表語(表語從句)、賓語(賓語從句)、定語(定語從句)、狀語(狀語從句)。中學(xué)階段主要學(xué)習含有狀語從句、賓語從句、定語從句的復(fù)合句。
    A.狀語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞等的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句根據(jù)它表示的意思的不同可分為時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、比較(或方式)和條件等類。
    ○1 時間狀語從句：由when, while, as, the moment, the minute, once, whenever, before, after, till(until), since, as soon as等連詞引導(dǎo)。
    主 句 從 句 例 子
    一般將來時 一般現(xiàn)在時 I will go out for a walk if it doesn't rain tomorrow .
    帶有情態(tài)動詞 You must look left and right when you cross the crossing .
    祈使句 Ask him to give me a call as soon as he comes back .
    過去時的某種時態(tài) 過去時的某種時態(tài) I went to bed at ten after the film was over. / The film had begun when I reached the cinema .
    I was reading a book while he was singing a song .
    ○2 條件狀語從句：由if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case , if only, provided that等引導(dǎo)。(注：在條件狀語從句的將來時態(tài)要用現(xiàn)在時和過去時，表示相應(yīng)的將來時)。
    I'll show you around the city if I am free tomorrow . / If I had enough money, I would buy the car .
    ○3 原因狀語從句：由because(因為), as(由于), since(既然), for(因為)等引導(dǎo)。
    He was absent yesterday because he was ill . / As it was already dark, they decided to stay in the town for the night .
    ○4 目的狀語從句：由so that, that, so, in order that, in case等引導(dǎo)。句中常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情態(tài)動詞。
    He got up early so that he could catch the early train. / He studied hard in order that he might succeed .
    ○5 結(jié)果狀語從句：由so…that, so, so that, such…that等。
    The film is so interesting that everyone likes to see it again . / Nothing more was heard of him, so people thought that he was dead .
    ○6 比較狀語從句：由than, as…as, not as(so)…as, the(+比較級)…the(+比較級)等引導(dǎo)。
    Today is not as warm as yesterday. / He listens to the teacher more carefully than I .
    ○7 地點狀語從句：由where 和wherever等引導(dǎo)。地點狀語從句位于句首時，常用逗號與主句隔開;位于句末時則不用逗號。
    He follows her wherever she goes .
    ○8 方式狀語從句：由as, just as…so, as if 等。As if 引導(dǎo)的從句的時態(tài)要用過去時(虛語語氣)。
    Please do as I do . / He tells me the whole thing as if he knew everything .
    ○9 讓步狀語從句：由though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, no matter who等引導(dǎo)。
    Although he has failed many times, he doesn't give up trying .
    B.賓語從句：由一個句子充當賓語，我們稱之為賓語從句。(賓語從句的語序永遠是陳述語序)
    ○1 賓語從句的連詞。
    a. 如果賓語從句是從陳述句變化而來的，要用連詞that來引導(dǎo)，that可以省略。
    b. 如果賓語從句是從一般疑問句變化而來的，要用連詞if或whether .
    c. 如果賓語從句是從特殊疑問句變化而來的，連詞就應(yīng)該用特殊疑問詞(what, when, where…)。
    ○2 賓語從句的時態(tài)：
    主 句 從 句 例 子
    任何一種時態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(表示真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象) The teacher told / tells us that the earth goes round the sun.
    一般現(xiàn)在時 任何一種時態(tài) I hear that he will come back next week.
    一般將來時 I will tell him that his father rang him up just now when he comes back .
    一般過去時 過去時的某種時態(tài) I wondered if Tom would come back ./ Lucy asked whether I had finished my homework .
    ○3 賓語從句的人稱：人稱代詞要隨合理的邏輯而自然變化。
    She said, "I am much better than before."--------She said that she was much better than before .
    ○4 when 和if 在引導(dǎo)賓語從句和狀語從句中，后面的時態(tài)有差別。
    I don't know when (何時)she will be back(賓語從句), but when(當…時候) she comes back, I'll let you know(狀語從句) .
    I don't know if(是否) she will come back(賓語從句), but if (如果)s 共有4條文章 頁次：3/4 分頁： 9 7 1 2 3 4 8 :
    he comes back, I'll let you know (狀語從句) .
    C.定語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句，被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who(人，主格), whom(人，賓客), whose(人，所有格), which(物), that(人，物)。引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系副詞有：where(地點), when(時間), why(原因)。
    The man who lives next to us is a policeman./ You must do everything that I do ./ We will never forget the day when we visited Gaozhou .
    主句/先行詞 從 句 主 句 主 句 / 先行詞 從 句 主 句 / 先行詞 從 句
    ○1 從句的謂語動詞和先行詞的關(guān)系。
    a. 主謂關(guān)系：He asked the man(作從句主語) who/that was smoking .
    b. 動賓關(guān)系：The noodles(作從句賓語) that/which I cooked were delicious .
    ○2 只能用that 的情況：
    a. 先行詞為all, any, few, no, some, much, little等修飾。 I have done all the work that he told us to do .
    b. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾。 That last/first question that he asked me was hard to answer .
    c. 先行詞同時有人和物。 They often talk about things and persons that they remember .
    d. 先行詞是everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞。 I remembered everything that the teachers taught me before .
    e. 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾。 That is the best book that I have read .
    f. 先行詞被the very, the only, the same修飾。 It is the very book that I am looking for .
    g. 先行詞是主句的表語或關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語。 China is no longer the country that it used to be .
    h. 先行詞是指示代詞that, one, those, this, another, all等。 Is this school the one that I saw in the picture ?
    i. 主句以who / which開頭，定語從句用that 。who is the girl that spoke to you just now ? / which is the car that was made in China ?
    ○3 只能用which的情況：
    a. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。 This is the house in which we lived last year .
    b. 先行詞本身是that 。 The clock is that which I bought yesterday .
    c. 非限制性定語從句。 His English , which used to be very poor, is now excellent .
    ○4 定語從句在句中作定語，所以在使用時，相當于現(xiàn)在分詞短語，過去分詞短語，動詞不定式短語，介詞短語作后置定語的句子。
    a.I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun . = I bought a book written by Lu Xun .
    b.Tell the children who are playing basketball not to do that . = Tell the children playing basketball not to do that .
    c.The house that stands at the corner was built in 1987 . = The house standing at the corner was built in 1987 .
    d.We have nothing that we should fear . = We have nothing to fear .
    e.The book that is on the table is expensive . = The book on the table is expensive .
    ○5 引導(dǎo)詞when, where和why可用相應(yīng)的表示時間(in, on, at, during等)、地點(in, on, at等)和原因(for)的介詞+which 表達為介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。
    a.I still remember the day when I met her for the first time . ---- I still remember the day on which I met her for the first time .
    b.That is the place where I went when I was a child . ----- That is the place to which I went when I was a child .
    c.May I know the reason why you are late ? ----- May I know the reason for which you are late ?
    ○6 在定語從句中，不能再出現(xiàn)指示先行詞的指示代詞。
    I just can't find the book which/that she lent it to me .(×)---- I just can't find the book which/that she lent to me .(√)
    ○7 注意下面的變化：
    a. This is the house(不作lived的賓語) where we lived last year .
    This is the house(作lived in的賓語) which/that we lived in last year .
    b. This is the day (不作left的賓語)when we left for Shenzhen .
    This is the day (作spent的賓語)which/that we spent in Shenzhen .
    ○8 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：
    a. 限制性定語從句：是句中不可缺少的組成部分，沒有從句，先行詞意思不明確，主句也不完整，從句主句不用逗號分開。
    b. 非限制性定語從句：是主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有從句并不影響主句意思的明確或完整，這種定語從句一般用逗號和主句分開，在非限制性定語從句中，一般不用that。
    ◎ Last Sunday they reached Dalian, where a meeting was to be held .
    ◎ She has two brothers, who are both doctors .
    Ⅲ There be 句型
    1. 英語"There + be + (not)"結(jié)構(gòu)表示"有(沒有)某人或某物"時，there 是無詞義的引導(dǎo)詞，be是謂語動詞，它后面的名詞是主語，兩者再數(shù)上必須一致。句末往往有表示地點或時間的狀語。
    2. 肯定句：There +(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)+be 主語+地點(時間)狀語。
    There is a pen on the table . / There will be a football match tomorrow .
    3. 否定句：There + be(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)+not(any)(或+no)+ 主語…。
    There are not fairies in the world . / There wasn't a underground in Shanghai before ./ There won't be a football match tomorrow .
    4. 一般疑問句：Be + there +(any) +主語… ? / 助動詞或情態(tài)動詞 + there +be +(any) + 主語… ?
    Is there anything I can do for you ? / Will there be cloud tomorrow ?
    5. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞(+名詞)+be +there + 狀語 ?
    How many weeks are there in a year ? / What is there on the desk ? / Where will there be a football match tomorrow ?
    6. 如果there +be 之后是并列主語，應(yīng)根據(jù)離be 最近的名詞來選擇be的形式。
    There is a apple and two pears on the table . / There are two pears and a apple on the table .
    7. 含有引導(dǎo)詞there 的句子用seem to be , happen to be , used to be 或live 等作謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)。
    There happened to be an old friend of mine in the shop . / There used to be a temple here
    Ⅳ 主謂一致
    1. 主謂一致是指謂語動詞要與主語單、復(fù)數(shù)形式及人稱變化相一致。主要包括三方面：形式一致、意義一致、就近原則。
    2. 單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù);復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù);若主語表示單數(shù)或整體概念時，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)。
    Time is money . / My book is new . / Our books are there . / His family isn't very large . / His family are all music lovers .
    3. 有些名詞以"s"結(jié)尾，但謂用單數(shù)。(news, physics, maths, politics等) Maths is very important to us .
    4. People, police, youth, cattle等常作復(fù)數(shù)處理。 The youth are full of living .
    5. 既作單數(shù)又是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，可作單、復(fù)數(shù)。(sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese…)
    There is one deer / are some deer in the zoo. / I met a Japanese in the street . / The Japanese I met in the street were friendly .
    6. 當主語是兩個名詞由and 連接時，若表示一種事物或一種概念時，謂語用單數(shù)。
    The teacher and writer is coming(同一個人) . / The teacher and the writer are coming .(不同人)
    7. 有every 或each 修飾的單數(shù)名詞并列時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，第二個every或each 可省略。Every boy and (every)girl has a new book.
    8. 表示時間、距離、金錢或數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，一般視為一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)。A hundred miles is a long distance .
    9. 有些形容詞前加定冠詞構(gòu)成表示一類人的名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)處理。The rich are getting richer. / The blind are sitting on the road .
    10. Number, population 等詞可作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，主要從意思決定。A number of books are new. / The number of books is 3,000.
    The population of China is very large . / One third of the population here are workers.
    11. 當名詞后有with, together, like, but, except等介詞短語時，謂語隨名詞的數(shù)而變。 Tom with his parents has been to Beijing twice .
    12. Each和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Each of us has an apple. / Somebody is using the photo.
    13. What, who, which, any, more, most, all等代詞可以是單、復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思決定。Which is your room ? / Which are your rooms ?
    14. "None 或none of+名詞(代詞)復(fù)數(shù)"可作單、復(fù)數(shù)，若名詞為不可數(shù)，則謂語只用單數(shù)。
    None of the books are easy enough for us . / None of us has got a camera. / None of milk is good.
    15."Either, neither (+of +名(代)詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時，通?？醋鲉螖?shù)。Neither of us has been to HongKong . / Either answer is wrong .
    16."many a +單數(shù)名詞"或"more than one +單數(shù)名詞"作主語時，謂語多用單數(shù)形式。More than one person has that kind of experience.
    17.All/most/half/part/some/the rest of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。 All of meat is bad .
    18.All/most/half/part/some/the rest of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 Some of students are absent .
    19."one of +名(代)詞復(fù)數(shù)"為主時，謂語通常用單數(shù)。One of the girls is from America .
    20."a pair of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時，謂語常用單數(shù)，若pair是pairs時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
    21."(a)part of +名詞"作主語時，若名詞是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù);若名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
    22."a group of +名詞"作主語時，強調(diào)整體，謂語用單數(shù);若強調(diào)group 中的各成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
    23."a lot of /lots of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù);若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。
    24."most of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù);若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。
    25."plenty of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù);若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。
    27.由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, or或there be + 名詞+and + 名詞等連接的主語，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依最接近它的名詞詞組的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。
    My parents or I am going to visit my grandparents .
    Either your father or your mother has been to the Great Wall .
    Neither you nor Lao Yang is to do the work .
    There is a man and three children over there .
    Not only you but also he knows that thing .
    28.動詞不定式和動詞-ing形式作主語時作單數(shù)處理。
    To see you is very glad . = It is very glad to see you .
    Taking means no holes .
    Seeing is believing .
    Finishing the work takes me a long time . = To finish the work takes me a long time . = It takes me a long time to finish the work .
    中考相關(guān)信息請關(guān)注出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)中考頻道......
    

中考政策

中考狀元

中考飲食

中考備考輔導(dǎo)

中考復(fù)習資料