黑龍江省綏棱縣克音河中學 谷俊明
    摘要：中考英語以書面形式考查“說”的技能是一種有效的途徑，因為口試目前難以操作，難以做到公平、公正。本文結(jié)合實例闡述中考“情景交際”試題的命題的原則和方法。
    關(guān)鍵詞：情景交際;命題;原則;方法
    情景交際題用于考查說的技能，通過書面形式呈現(xiàn)語境，讓考生從口頭的角度傳達信息、完成相關(guān)任務。由于實施大規(guī)模的口試還很困難，還沒能在中考中全面鋪開，所以書面筆試形式還是考查口語表達能力的首選。
    王才仁教授在《英語教學的實質(zhì)是交際》一文中談到：“交際”一詞的英語是communication，原意是“共享”、“共有”，現(xiàn)在釋義為the exchange of ideas, feelings and information，即思想、感情和信息的交流，這是根據(jù)社會發(fā)展做出的新界定。可見，交際教學是多么地重要。優(yōu)化中考口語表達能力測試題型，對交際教學將會起到極大的反撥作用。
    一、設計情景交際試題應遵循的幾個原則
    1、 體現(xiàn)互動性，讓學生在作答過程中體驗到自己是交談中的角色。
    2、 對功能意念項目的考查可采用選擇式，題干呈現(xiàn)小情境。
    3、 選編的對話要自然，符合基本的英語表達習慣。
    4、 對話內(nèi)容應適合學生的年齡特點、生活經(jīng)歷和社會實踐。
    5、 可用小對話，考查正確運用日常交際用語的能力。
    6、 針對話題對話可采用開放性的填空形式，為自主交流創(chuàng)造機會與空間。
    二、情景交際試題型及命題辦法
    (一) 選擇式
    【例1】選擇適當?shù)恼Z句完成小對話
    -I’ve passed the exam.
    -______
    A. Congratulations! B. Bad luck!
    C. Thank you for telling me D. It’s nothing.
    (考查項目：祝賀用語)
    【例2】選擇正確的應答(我省的情景交際A題)
    1. Oh, no. You needn’t write it again. It’s good composition except for the spelling mistakes.
    2. Take the medicine, and you’ll be all right in one or two weeks.
    3. Are you all right? It’s so late. We were worrying all the time.
    4. I wonder if I could trouble you a few minutes, Mr Simpson.
    5. I’d like to set my watch. It stopped again. What’s the date?
    6. It seems to me popular music is terrible. The singers all act strangely. They shout instead of singing.
    7. Slow down, Bret. I see a police car behind us.
    8. Would you like me to check on the computer to see if it’s been taken out?
    9. We’ll meet at 6:30 in the restaurant. Will that be fine with you?
    10. Oh, come on. Look on the bright side. You can have a good rest for a few days and find a better job.
    A. I’m sorry. I’m quite all right, but my car isn’t.
    B. Certainly. What is it?
    C. Yes, it’ll be OK with me.
    D. I will do better next time.
    E. I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.
    F. Yes, please do.
    G. It’s June 19.
    H. I hope so.
    I. My goodness!
    J. I wish I could be all right tomorrow.
    (Key：1-5 DJABG 6-10 EIFCH)
    【例3】七選五
    A: I decide to improve my English from now on.
    B: Oh, really? (1) ________________
    A: The best time to read English is morning. So I want to read English for an hour in the early morning.
    B: (2) __________________
    A: And I want to learn English on TV.
    B: (3) _________________
    A: I want to do more exercises and keep a diary in English every day.
    B : (4) _________________
    A: Yes. (5) _________________
    B: Great! But you see, you spend so much time learning English every day. Then what are you going to do with the other subjects?
    A: I’ve no idea.
    A. Why do you plan to do so?
    B. How do you like my plan?
    C. Is that all?
    D. What are you going to do?
    E. Oh, that's a very good idea.
    F. Do you need any help?
    G. Anything else?
    (Key：1-5 DEGCB)
    【例4】完形填空
    A: Oh, dear. I can’t fix this seat-belt.
    B: (1)______
    A: Oh, thank you.
    B: It’s very easy, like this… (2)______
    A: Oh, no. I flew from New York to Paris once, but it was a long time ago.
    B: I see. (3)______
    A: Yes. I’m going to see my little grandson.
    B: Oh, that’s nice.
    A: Yes, my daughter lives in Australia and I live in New York, so I don’t see her very often.
    She married an Australian, you know.
    B: That’s nice. And (4)______
    A: He’s only four months old. I’m so excited.
    B: I’m sure you are. I love children, and I have a daughter myself. She’s two years old.
    A: How lovely! And do you live in Sydney?
    B: No, I live in Ireland, but I go to Australia twice a year on business.
    A: Oh, dear! What’s that noise?
    B: Don’t worry. (5)______
    A: I see.
    1. A. What’s wrong? B. Can I help you?
    C. Who can fix the seat-belt? D. It’s broken. Let me help mend it.
    2. A. Is this your first flight? B. How often do you fly to Australia?
    C. Now, can you fix it? D. Have you ever been to Australia?
    3. A. Are you going to see your grandson? B. Are you going to stay in Sydney?
    C. Where are you going?
    D. Are you going to stay in New York?
    4. A. What’s your grandson’s name? B. How is your grandson?
    C. How old is your grandson? D. Is your grandson four months?
    5. A. We’re in Australia now. B. I have fixed the seat-belt for you.
    C. The plane will land. D. We’re going to take off.
    (Key：1-5 BABCD)
    本題型設題角度靈活，較補全話題對話涉及項目更寬泛。為了使語境充分，對話信息語
    句可以稍多一些，體現(xiàn)情景的真實性。例1的空格后最好不加標點，這樣設置選項不受標點限制。
    (二)填空式
    【例1】用詞填空
    Ann : Hello . is Tina there ?
    Tina : Hello, Ann. (1) is Tina.
    Ann : Could I borrow your CD player tomorrow, please?
    Tina : Sorry. It’s not a very good (2) . Could you speak more loudly, please?
    Ann : Sure. I said, could I borrow your CD player , please ? Mine is (3) .
    Tina : Of course. (4) 4 do you want it?
    Ann : Tomorrow if possible.
    Tina : OK. I’ll (5) it to school in the morning.
    Ann : Thanks! Bye.
    (Key: 1. This 2. line 3. broken 4. When 5. bring)
    【例2】用詞語或句子填空(詞數(shù)不限)
    A: Something terrible happened to me this morning.
    B: ---What ________________________________________(1)?
    A: I got a ticket from a policeman.
    B: Were _______________________ (2)?
    A: No. ---The police gave me a ticket for littering.
    B: Oh, I’ve warned(警告) you about that. I’ve seen you littering a few times before. I thought _____________________ (3).
    A: All I was doing was drinking a bottle of Coke.
    B: ---And ________________________ (4)?
    A: Well…I threw it on the ground.
    B: ---I’m afraid ______________________ (5). So you’ll have to….
    A: Er…I’ll have to pay for it.
    B: How much is it?
    A: It’s 50 yuan. A lot of money for not throwing my empty bottle in the garbage(垃圾) box.
    B: Yes, but that will teach you not to litter any more.
    ?
    

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